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olivLaw · European equity research

Mowi ASA MOWI.OL

Norway · Euronext Oslo Børs · ISIN NO0003054108 · Vertical: Listed companies from Norway

218.00NOK−0.64% · 1 dayClose 06 Nov 2026

Mowi is the world's largest producer of farm-raised salmon, integrated along the whole chain from fish feed to consumer products. In fiscal 2025 it reported record operational revenues of EUR 5 729.1 million and harvest volumes of 558 870 tonnes, in a context of unusually high global supply that reduced realised prices.

At the close of 06 Nov 2026, Mowi ASA (MOWI.OL) stock was 218.00 NOK (−0.64% on the day), with beta 0.38, 52-week range 180.80–244.20 NOK.

Data as of · AI analysis dated · Source: ESEF annual reports and closing prices, computed by olivLaw.

Market cap
unavailable
shares as of 31 Dec 2025
P/E (TTM)
unavailable
Diluted EPS TTM 1.38 · TTM to 31 Dec 2025
E/P (TTM)
unavailable
TTM to 31 Dec 2025
Dividend yield
unavailable
Beta (2y)
0.38
Volatility (1y) 22%
52-week range
180.80244.20

Price history

Loading chart…

Technical reading

RSI (14)
62.8
strong (55–70)
Bollinger (20, 2)
203.84 – 224.16
in the upper half of the band · %B 0.70 · band width 9.5%
SMA 50 / 200
207.24 / 206.91
uptrend (price > SMA50 > SMA200)
MACD (12, 26, 9)
3.69 / 3.61
MACD above signal

Indicators describe past prices; on their own they do not predict direction. On our history the RSI ≤ 40 filter added no return (see the signals methodology).

Performance

CompanyEURO STOXX 50vs EURO STOXX 50Vertical median
1 month+8.7%−0.6%+9.3 pp—
3 months+9.3%−4.2%+13.4 pp—
6 months+12.2%+4.3%+7.9 pp—
Year to date−10.4%+7.5%−17.9 pp—
1 year−3.0%+9.9%−12.9 pp−4.7%
3 years+24.2%+49.8%−25.6 pp+12.7%
5 years−10.0%+42.8%−52.8 pp—
Max drawdown (1y)
−26.0%
02 Jan 2026 → 01 Jul 2026
Max drawdown (5y)
−49.9%
29 Apr 2022 → 29 Sept 2022
Compound annual growth (5y)
−2.1%
EURO STOXX 50 +7.4%

Price returns, dividends excluded.

Quarterly results

ESEF annual reports carry no quarters: the results are annual (below).

E/P over time

the price (USD) and the reports are in different currencies

E/P = trailing-12-month diluted EPS / price at quarter end. E/P is the inverse of P/E and stays defined when earnings are negative.

Fiscal years

Fiscal year202320242025
Revenue5.5 bn5.6 bn5.7 bn
Revenue YoYunavailable+1.6%+2.2%
Net income444.4 m468.5 m717.9 m
Net income YoYunavailable+5.4%+53.2%
Diluted EPS0.860.911.38
Diluted EPS YoYunavailable+5.8%+51.6%
net %8.1%8.4%12.6%
Free cash flowunavailableunavailableunavailable

Balance sheet & financial health

Fiscal year 2025 · 31 Dec 2025

Cash
278.0 m EUR
Financial debt
2.9 bn EUR
Net debt
2.7 bn EUR
Equity
4.6 bn EUR
Total assets
10.2 bn EUR
Debt / equity
0.64x
Current ratio
2.93x
ROE
16.8%
ROA
7.6%
FCF margin
unavailable

Financial statements (source on every figure)

Revenue and net income (EUR)

Margins

Income statement · EUR

Revenue
2023
5.5 bn
2024
5.6 bn
2025
5.7 bn

esef· 21 Oct 2026verified

Depreciation & amortisation
2023
403.8 m
2024
447.8 m
2025
454.0 m

esef· 21 Oct 2026verified

Pre-tax income
2023
898.7 m
2024
631.7 m
2025
832.4 m

esef· 21 Oct 2026verified

Income tax
2023
459.2 m
2024
156.9 m
2025
125.8 m

esef· 21 Oct 2026verified

Net income
2023
444.4 m
2024
468.5 m
2025
717.9 m

esef· 21 Oct 2026verified

Diluted EPS
2023
0.86
2024
0.91
2025
1.38

esef· 21 Oct 2026verified

Dividend per share
2023
0.63
2024
0.57
2025
0.57

esef· 21 Oct 2026derived

Balance sheet · EUR

Cash
2023
288.4 m
2024
276.7 m
2025
278.0 m

esef· 21 Oct 2026verified

Inventories
2023
605.1 m
2024
587.3 m
2025
600.4 m

esef· 21 Oct 2026verified

Current assets
2023
4.0 bn
2024
4.1 bn
2025
4.3 bn

esef· 21 Oct 2026verified

Property, plant & equipment, net
2023
1.9 bn
2024
2.0 bn
2025
2.5 bn

esef· 21 Oct 2026verified

Goodwill
2023
368.1 m
2024
369.6 m
2025
632.9 m

esef· 21 Oct 2026verified

Total assets
2023
8.2 bn
2024
8.6 bn
2025
10.2 bn

esef· 21 Oct 2026verified

Short-term debt
2023
100.0 k
2024
200.0 m
2025
149.9 m

esef· 21 Oct 2026verified

Long-term debt
2023
2.1 bn
2024
2.0 bn
2025
2.8 bn

esef· 21 Oct 2026verified

Current liabilities
2023
1.3 bn
2024
1.4 bn
2025
1.5 bn

esef· 21 Oct 2026verified

Equity
2023
3.8 bn
2024
4.0 bn
2025
4.6 bn

esef· 21 Oct 2026verified

Shares outstanding at year end
2023
516.7 m
2024
514.8 m
2025
520.2 m

esef· 21 Oct 2026derived

Cash flow · EUR

Operating cash flow
2023
992.2 m
2024
916.6 m
2025
870.9 m

esef· 21 Oct 2026verified

Investing cash flow
2023
-413.6 m
2024
-332.1 m
2025
-804.6 m

esef· 21 Oct 2026verified

Financing cash flow
2023
-458.2 m
2024
-598.3 m
2025
-62.0 m

esef· 21 Oct 2026verified

Dividends paid
2023
326.1 m
2024
293.5 m
2025
297.2 m

esef· 21 Oct 2026verified

Computed indicators

Growth

Revenue growth (YoY)
2.2%
computed by olivLawFY 2025
Revenue CAGR 3Y
unavailable
input data missing
Revenue CAGR 5Y
unavailable
input data missing
EBIT growth (YoY)
unavailable
input data missing
Net income growth (YoY)
53.2%
computed by olivLawFY 2025
Net income CAGR 3Y
unavailable
input data missing
Net income CAGR 5Y
unavailable
input data missing
EPS growth (YoY)
51.6%
computed by olivLawFY 2025
EPS CAGR 3Y
unavailable
input data missing
EPS CAGR 5Y
unavailable
input data missing
FCF growth (YoY)
unavailable
input data missing

Profitability

Gross margin
unavailable
input data missing
EBITDA margin
unavailable
input data missing
EBIT margin
unavailable
input data missing
Net margin
12.6%
computed by olivLawFY 2025
FCF margin
unavailable
input data missing

Returns

ROE
17.5%
computed by olivLawFY 2025 · balance sheet at 31 Dec 2025
ROA
7.6%
computed by olivLawFY 2025 · balance sheet at 31 Dec 2025
ROIC
unavailable
input data missing
ROCE
unavailable
input data missing
Payout ratio (EPS)
41.4%
computed by olivLawFY 2025
Payout ratio (FCF)
unavailable
input data missing

Balance sheet

Net debt
2.7 bn EUR
computed by olivLawbalance sheet at 31 Dec 2025
Net debt / EBITDA
unavailable
input data missing
Debt / equity
0.7x
computed by olivLawbalance sheet at 31 Dec 2025
Interest coverage
unavailable
input data missing

Liquidity

Current ratio
2.9x
computed by olivLawbalance sheet at 31 Dec 2025
Quick ratio
2.5x
computed by olivLawbalance sheet at 31 Dec 2025
Cash ratio
0.2x
computed by olivLawbalance sheet at 31 Dec 2025

Cash

Operating cash flow
870.9 m EUR
computed by olivLawFY 2025
Capital expenditure
unavailable
input data missing
Free cash flow
unavailable
input data missing
FCF conversion
unavailable
input data missing
Cash conversion
unavailable
input data missing

Efficiency

Days sales outstanding
unavailable
input data missing
Days inventory outstanding
unavailable
input data missing
Days payables outstanding
unavailable
input data missing
Cash conversion cycle
unavailable
input data missing

Market and valuation

Market capitalisation
unavailable
input data missing
Enterprise value
unavailable
input data missing
Market cap / net income TTM
unavailable
input data missing
P/E (TTM)
unavailable
input data missing
Earnings yield
unavailable
input data missing
P/B
unavailable
input data missing
P/S
unavailable
input data missing
EV/EBITDA
unavailable
input data missing
EV/EBIT
unavailable
input data missing
EV/Sales
unavailable
input data missing
P/FCF
unavailable
input data missing
FCF yield
unavailable
input data missing
Dividend yield
unavailable
input data missing
Shareholder yield (distributions)
unavailable
input data missing

1 indicators that do not apply to the sector.

Valuation

olivLaw classification

Insufficient data
What is missing
  • indicators available: 2 of at least 6
  • score weight coverage: 10.4% of at least 60%

A scoring methodology on indicators and valuation, not investment advice.

Closing price

218.00 NOK

06 Nov 2026Source: olivLaw, closing series

Market cap: unavailable

Price and reporting are in different currencies; market indicators are unavailable.

Key indicators

Market capitalisation
unavailable
input data missing
P/E (TTM)
unavailable
input data missing
P/B
unavailable
input data missing
EV/EBITDA
unavailable
input data missing
ROE
17.5%
computed by olivLawFY 2025 · balance sheet at 31 Dec 2025
Net margin
12.6%
computed by olivLawFY 2025
Revenue growth (YoY)
2.2%
computed by olivLawFY 2025
Dividend yield
unavailable
input data missing

Coverage and freshness

22/37 reporting lines present
Latest full fiscal year: 2025
Latest reported period: 31 Dec 2025
Latest balance sheet date: 31 Dec 2025
Share count (cover of the latest filing), as of: 31 Dec 2025
Source: esefpublished 21 Oct 2026
verified 68derived 6

Score by group

10% · Insufficient data

Estimated value range

Low
10.20
EUR per share
Mid
18.12
EUR per share
High
27.10
EUR per share
Price: unavailable
Potential to the central value: unavailable (value / price − 1)
Margin of safety: unavailable (1 − price / value)
Agreement between methods: low · 2 methods used · 2 independent bases

The combined range = the median of the valid methods' low, central and high values; it is not a probability interval and does not cover every result. Envelope of all methods: 7.77 – 43.60 EUR.

Valuation assumptions are editorial choices, not measured; beta is not measured.

Method ranges (EUR per share)

— — Mid · ▏ Price

Valuation methods

  • DCF (discounted cash flow)unavailable · input data missing
  • Peers: EV/EBITDAunavailable · input data missing
  • Peers: P/E12.64 – 43.60 (Mid 27.27)
    19 companies used · median multiple 19.8x · quartiles 9.2x – 31.6x
    ABG.OL, ABTEC.OL, AFG.OL, AKER.OL, AKSO.OL, AKVA.OL, APR.OL, ARR.OL, ATEA.OL, AUSS.OL, B2I.OL, BONHR.OL, BOR.OL, BOUV.OL, BRG.OL, CLOUD.OL, DELIA.OL, ELK.OL, ELMRA.OL
  • Dividend discount (DDM)7.77 – 10.60 (Mid 8.97)

Assumptions (illustrative, editorial)

Risk-free rate
3.0%
Equity risk premium
5.5%
Beta (default)
1.00
Cost of equity
8.5%
Terminal growth
2.0%

Factor scorecard

Insufficient data

Minimum-evidence gate: indicators available: 2 of at least 6; score weight coverage: 10.4% of at least 60%

FactorValueScoreWeight used
ROIC · Qualityunavailableunavailable—
Net margin · Quality12.6%76 (vs peers)60%
FCF conversion · Qualityunavailableunavailable—
Revenue CAGR 3Y · Growthunavailableunavailable—
EPS CAGR 3Y · Growthunavailableunavailable—
Net debt / EBITDA · Balance sheetunavailableunavailable—
Interest coverage · Balance sheetunavailableunavailable—
Current ratio · Balance sheet2.9x100 (on a fixed band)40%
P/E (TTM) · Valuationunavailableunavailable—
EV/EBITDA · Valuationunavailableunavailable—
FCF yield · Valuationunavailableunavailable—
Shareholder yield (distributions) · Returnsunavailableunavailable—
Payout ratio (FCF) · Returnsunavailableunavailable—

Factors without a value were dropped; the remaining weights were renormalised.

Score groups

  • Balance sheet· partial100/100 · 1/3 factors with a value
  • Growth· partialunavailable · 0/2 factors with a value
  • Quality· partial76/100 · 1/3 factors with a value
  • Returns· partialunavailable · 0/2 factors with a value
  • Valuation· partialunavailable · 0/3 factors with a value

A «partial» group is computed from under half of its weight or from one factor: it is not a full assessment of the group.

Memo

MOWI ASA (MOWI.OL). Latest full fiscal year: 2025; data up to 2025-12-31.

Figures computed from the financial statements: revenue 5.7 bn EUR in 2025; YoY growth 2.2%; net margin 12.6%; ROE 17.5%.

The estimated value range is 10.20–27.10 EUR per share (median of 2 methods, agreement: low); assumptions are illustrative. The range is the median of the methods' low, central and high values, not a probability interval.

Insufficient data for a verdict (indicators available: 2 of at least 6; score weight coverage: 10.4% of at least 60%).

Text generated deterministically from the figures shown; no language model. Not investment advice.

What supports the thesis

  • Net margin: 12.6%
  • Current ratio: 2.9x

What contradicts it

  • The valuation methods diverge

Not assessed (insufficient data or a ratio without meaning): ROIC, FCF conversion, Revenue CAGR 3Y, EPS CAGR 3Y, Net debt / EBITDA, Interest coverage, P/E (TTM), EV/EBITDA, FCF yield, Shareholder yield (distributions), Payout ratio (FCF).

Versus the vertical median

Listed companies from Norway · same country · compared with 39 companies

Multiples and returns vs the median

P/E
—
vertical median 20.0x
EV/EBITDA
—
vertical median 9.0x
P/S
—
vertical median 1.3x
P/B
—
vertical median 1.8x
ROE
17.5%
vertical median 2.9%
above median (+494.9%)
Net margin
12.6%
vertical median 3.1%
above median (+310.0%)
EBIT margin
—
vertical median 5.5%
Revenue YoY
2.2%
vertical median 6.0%
below median (−63.3%)
Net debt/EBITDA
—
vertical median 1.5x
Dividend yield
—
vertical median 5.0%

Price rebased to 100 (monthly, 5 years)

Companies in the vertical

Market capP/EROENet marginRevenue YoY1A / 3A
AKER.OLAker Asa79.8 bn20.37.9%21.4%+42.5%+36% / +59%
AFG.OLAf Gruppen Asa21.5 bn19.839.7%3.4%+4.4%+8% / +69%
ELK.OLElkem Asa19.2 bn39.31.9%2.7%−15.7%+10% / +73%
ATEA.OLAtea Asa18.5 bn21.419.7%2.3%+8.1%+11% / +36%
AKSO.OLAker Solutions Asa17.4 bn6.822.5%4.1%+19.2%+18% / −12%
AUSS.OLAustevoll Seafood Asa16.6 bn37.11.6%1.1%+11.1%−7% / +10%
BRG.OLBorregaard Asa15.6 bn25.111.4%8.0%+1.3%−18% / −9%
BONHR.OLBonheur ASA11.2 bn7.817.1%11.4%−10.8%+17% / +44%
AFK.OLArendals Fossekompani Asa10.3 bn—-2.3%-3.1%−14.9%+39% / +31%
B2I.OLB2 Impact Asa8.8 bn14.311.0%16.4%+2.6%+40% / +238%
AKVA.OLAkva Group Asa5.7 bn31.213.7%4.2%+24.4%+74% / +152%
ELMRA.OLElmera Group Asa5.1 bn32.010.5%1.3%−0.9%+32% / +98%
BOUV.OLBouvet Asa5.0 bn14.280.7%9.2%−0.2%−19% / −16%
CLOUD.OLCloudberry Clean Energy Asa4.0 bn61.91.3%13.1%+34.0%−5% / +29%
ABG.OLAbg Sundal Collier Holding Asa3.6 bn10.734.9%16.8%+12.4%−13% / +20%
ANDF.OLAndfjord Salmon Group As2.2 bn—-5.7%-12,770.4%+328.9%−18% / −11%
BMA.OLByggma Asa1.6 bn—-25.3%-11.9%−2.5%+61% / +15%
APR.OLAppear Asa1.4 bn10.530.1%16.1%+32.3%−53% / unavailable
AZT.OLArcticzymes Technologies Asa1.1 bn108.92.9%8.6%+7.9%−8% / −48%
CAPSL.OLCapsol Technologies Asa884.6 m—-89.4%-114.8%−25.0%−33% / −66%
BOR.OLBorgestad Asa553.2 m36.12.1%1.4%−3.0%−7% / +41%
ARR.OLArribatec Group Asa234.6 m4.822.1%9.3%+15.7%−33% / −55%
DELIA.OLDellia Group Asa73.5 m1.522.6%7.7%+140.0%−62% / unavailable
ABTEC.OLAqua Bio Technology Asa11.1 m0.1—7,297.7%−87.2%−82% / −97%
AGLX.OLAgilyx Asa——-182.4%-12,189.3%+20.3%−40% / −41%

1- and 3-year price returns: for MOWI.OL from daily closes (the same as the performance table), for the other companies from month-end closes.

olivLaw engine forecast

The world engine ran after the company's latest material disclosure. Probabilities are of TOUCHING a level within the horizon (not closing there) and sit next to the random walk (p_rw), the no-information benchmark.

The engine has no published run for this company yet.

Valuation scenarios (editable assumptions)

Illustrative scenarios

Scenarios are not available. input data missing

AI analysis

AI-generatedAI-generated analysis (Claude) from cited public sources; it may contain errors. Not investment advice. As of 27 Oct 2026 · Model: claude-haiku-5-5.

In brief

Mowi is the world's largest producer of farm-raised salmon, integrated along the whole chain from fish feed to consumer products. In fiscal 2025 it reported record operational revenues of EUR 5 729.1 million and harvest volumes of 558 870 tonnes, in a context of unusually high global supply that reduced realised prices.

SWOT

Strengths

  • Position as the world's leading farm-raised salmon producer, with vertical integration from feed to consumer products.
  • Falling realised farming costs and performance the company describes as the best among its operating regions.
  • Return on capital above the long-term target and a solid financial position reported at year end 2025.

Weaknesses

  • High dependence on the volatile salmon spot price, which directly affects revenues.
  • Operational earnings fell in 2025 from the prior year on lower realised prices.
  • Significant indebtedness, mostly at floating interest rates, which exposes the company to rising borrowing costs.

Opportunities

  • Volume growth through higher smolt stocking and the postsmolt strategy, with an ambition to harvest above 650k GWT in 2029.
  • Further cost savings from the Skretting/Nutreco partnership and from expanded feed production capacity.
  • Long-term demand for salmon as a natural and sustainable product could open new sales channels.

Threats

  • High global supply could keep pressure on prices if production grows faster than demand.
  • Biological risks such as sea lice and disease that can affect harvests and costs.
  • Environmental and licensing rules, along with trade tensions, that could restrict expansion.

Risks

  • Spot price volatilityhigh

    Revenues depend on the salmon spot price, which has historically been volatile; short-term contracts reduce but do not remove this exposure.

  • Biological risks in farminghigh

    Disease and sea lice can reduce harvested volumes and raise treatment costs, directly affecting results.

  • Feed cost exposuremedium

    Feed is the most important cost factor, and its prices depend on marine and agricultural commodity markets.

  • Indebtedness and access to capitalmedium

    The industry is capital-intensive and the company carries significant debt; changes in financing conditions could affect flexibility.

  • Currency risklow

    Many transactions occur in currencies other than the local one, and exchange rate moves can affect cash flows, although hedging strategies are in place.

Investment thesis

What would need to be true (bull case)

  • Scale and vertical integration could let the company capture more value than peers when prices recover, and the planned volume growth for 2026 supports this view.
  • If the feed cost reductions and the Skretting partnership deliver the announced savings, farming margins could remain competitive even at lower prices.
  • Long-term demand for salmon as a sustainable protein could support market growth faster than supply, which would support revenues.

What would break the thesis

  • If global supply stays high, realised prices could remain below earlier levels and operational EBIT could keep declining.
  • Biological problems on farms could reduce harvests and raise costs, offsetting gains from operational efficiency.
  • The level of debt and reliance on floating interest rates could limit financial flexibility during periods of low prices.

What to watch

  • Delivery of the 605k GWT volume guidance and harvest outturn2026
  • Development of realised prices on the spot market and under contractsQ1 2027
  • Reported cost savings from the Skretting/Nutreco partnership2027
  • Development of global salmon supply compared with the estimated growth of about 1% for 2026next 10-K

Products, market & competition

AI-generatedAI-generated analysis (Claude) from cited public sources; it may contain errors. Not investment advice. As of 27 Oct 2026 · Model: claude-haiku-5-5.

The business

Mowi presents itself as the world's largest producer of farm-raised salmon, both by volume and revenue, and aims to become a world-leading integrated producer of seafood proteins. It capitalises on its integrated value chain, from feed to the consumer market. In fiscal 2025 operational EBIT was EUR 726.8 million, down from the prior year on lower achieved prices, partly offset by higher volumes and lower costs, according to the annual report.

Segments

Farming

Farming is the core of the business, with record harvests of 559k GWT in 2025 and volume guidance of 605k GWT for 2026. Realised Farming cost per kg was EUR 5.49, down 5% from 2024, and Mowi states it is the top performer in EBIT per kg in every region where it operates.

Feed

Mowi Feed supplies the company's own farms and reached all-time high volumes of 587 818 tonnes in 2025. A strategic partnership with Skretting/Nutreco, entered at year end 2025, has Mowi producing feed on Skretting's formulation, with at least EUR 55 million in annualised net cost savings expected.

Consumer Products

The value-added processing division recorded its highest ever produced volume and operational earnings of EUR 197.3 million in 2025, with ROCE of 24.9%. The Smart Factories concept is modernising plants in Europe, the US and Asia to reduce cost and increase value.

Market context

In 2025 global salmon supply rose 12%, against an average annual supply growth of 3% over the last decade, which reduced market prices. Demand remains solid, and industry supply growth is estimated at about 1% in 2026 and around 1-2% per year from 2027. The company views the supply and demand outlook as favourable over the medium term.

Realised prices depend heavily on the salmon spot price, which has historically been volatile. Mowi reduces its exposure through bilateral fixed-price contracts, which have normally covered between 20% and 50% of sold volume, with durations of three to twelve months.

Trends

  • High global supplyheadwind

    Unusually high supply growth pressed prices in 2025 and could keep limiting margins if production keeps rising faster than demand.

  • Sustained demand for salmontailwind

    Megatrends such as salmon being seen as a natural superfood and the most sustainably produced animal protein support long-term demand.

  • Lower feed costsmixed

    Feed is the largest cost input and its cost trended down through 2025; if that continues it could support farming margins.

  • Consolidation and strategic dealsmixed

    The Nova Sea acquisition and the Skretting/Nutreco partnership show a strategy of strengthening the value chain, with outcomes that depend on execution.

Competitive position

Farm-raised salmon is concentrated among a few large integrated producers, and Mowi differentiates itself through scale and vertical integration. Competition runs mainly on cost per kg, biological performance and access to production licences and new growing areas.

Differences in cost and yield between producers could shift competitive positions over the longer term. The available sources do not detail competitor positions, so direct comparisons would require further information from their own reports.

  • Norwegian salmon groups (e.g. Lerøy, Salmar)

    Integrated European producers active in farming, processing and distribution, competing with Mowi on cost and access to licences.

  • Chilean salmon producers

    Important competitors in the Americas, where Mowi also runs farming and its own feed operations.

  • Scottish and Canadian salmon producers

    Regional competitors operating in the same growing areas where Mowi is expanding volumes.

  • Aquafeed manufacturers (e.g. Skretting/Nutreco)

    Suppliers of feed technology that act both as competitors and as a strategic partner for Mowi.

News & filings

In the press

No news in our archive over the last 180 days.

Annual reports (ESEF)

Sources

  1. [1] Annual report, fiscal year ended 2025-12-31 (ESEF) · SEC / Mowi ASA · 31 Dec 2025

Figures computed by olivLaw from ESEF annual reports and closing prices; the qualitative analysis is AI-generated from cited sources. Not investment advice.