olivLaw · US equity research
Telecom Argentina S.A. TEO
Telephone Communications (No Radiotelephone) · SIC 4813
Telecom Argentina is one of the largest private telecom, fixed internet and cable TV providers in Argentina, with operations also in Paraguay, Uruguay, the United States and Chile. The year 2025 was shaped by the TMA acquisition, which brought consolidated revenues of P$8,328,814 million, but also a net loss of P$145,304 million.
The AI analysis may be outdated: new filings came after its sources (see the «AI analysis» section).
At the close of 04 Nov 2026, Telecom Argentina S.A. (TEO) stock was 10.44 USD (+0.38% on the day), with beta 1.07, 52-week range 10.40–15.98 USD. Latest reported quarter (Q4 2017): revenue of 17.9 bn USD (+24.3% YoY), net income of 2.0 bn USD (+32.2% YoY).
Data as of · AI analysis dated · Source: SEC filings and closing prices, computed by olivLaw.
Price history
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Technical reading
- RSI (14)
- 29.3
- oversold (≤ 30)
- Bollinger (20, 2)
- 10.17 – 13.63
- in the lower half of the band · %B 0.08 · band width 29.0%
- SMA 50 / 200
- 12.63 / 12.57
- mixed trend
- MACD (12, 26, 9)
- -0.61 / -0.42
- MACD below signal
Indicators describe past prices; on their own they do not predict direction. On our history the RSI ≤ 40 filter added no return (see the signals methodology).
Performance
| Company | S&P 500 | vs S&P 500 | Vertical median | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 month | −16.5% | −1.1% | −15.4 pp | — |
| 3 months | −24.1% | −0.5% | −23.7 pp | — |
| 6 months | −15.1% | +4.4% | −19.4 pp | — |
| Year to date | −10.1% | +12.3% | −22.4 pp | — |
| 1 year | −13.4% | +13.5% | −26.9 pp | — |
| 3 years | +88.8% | +76.4% | +12.4 pp | — |
| 5 years | +105.1% | +63.7% | +41.4 pp | — |
Price returns, dividends excluded.
Quarterly results
Latest quarter: Q4 2017 · 31 Dec 2017
Quarterly margins
Quarterly statements · ARS
| Fiscal year | Q1 '16 | Q2 '16 | Q3 '16 | Q4 '16 | Q1 '17 | Q2 '17 | Q3 '17 | Q4 '17 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Revenue | 12.5 bn | 13.0 bn | 13.4 bn | 14.4 bn | 14.7 bn | 15.8 bn | 16.7 bn | 17.9 bn |
| Operating income | 2.0 bn | 1.7 bn | 1.8 bn | 2.3 bn | 2.9 bn | 3.0 bn | 3.2 bn | 3.1 bn |
| Net income | 925.0 m | 800.0 m | 746.0 m | 1.5 bn | 2.0 bn | 1.7 bn | 2.0 bn | 2.0 bn |
E/P over time
the price (USD) and the reports are in different currencies
E/P = trailing-12-month diluted EPS / price at quarter end. E/P is the inverse of P/E and stays defined when earnings are negative.
Fiscal years
| Fiscal year | ⚠ 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | 2024 | 2025 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Revenue | 351.9 bn | 487.1 bn | 886.8 bn | 2,581.0 bn | 4,944.8 bn | 5,898.6 bn | 5,443.0 bn | 8,328.8 bn |
| Revenue YoY | — | +38.4% | +82.1% | +191.1% | +91.6% | +19.3% | −7.7% | +53.0% |
| Net income | 11.6 bn | -9.0 bn | -16.8 bn | 52.6 bn | -1,409.4 bn | -738.3 bn | 1,331.8 bn | -170.0 bn |
| Net income YoY | — | −177.9% | unavailable | unavailable | −2,781.5% | unavailable | unavailable | −112.8% |
| Diluted EPS | 0.00 | -4.19 | -7.80 | 24.40 | -654.40 | -342.81 | 618.38 | -78.94 |
| Diluted EPS YoY | — | unavailable | unavailable | unavailable | −2,782.0% | unavailable | unavailable | −112.8% |
| net % | 3.3% | -1.9% | -1.9% | 2.0% | -28.5% | -12.5% | 24.5% | -2.0% |
| Free cash flow | 5.7 bn | 67.3 bn | 140.1 bn | 342.4 bn | 656.2 bn | 1,013.4 bn | 609.6 bn | 1,030.8 bn |
The series breaks before 2018: earlier years come from the original reports of the issuer of that time, later years from a subsequent filing that restated the perimeter (a separation, discontinued operations). The year-on-year change across the break is not shown.
Reported results vs expectations
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Balance sheet & financial health
Fiscal year 2025 · 31 Dec 2025
- Cash
- unavailable ARS
- Financial debt
- 5,436.6 bn ARS
- Net debt
- unavailable ARS
- Equity
- 6,983.3 bn ARS
- Total assets
- 16,622.6 bn ARS
- Debt / equity
- 0.78x
- Current ratio
- 0.48x
- ROE
- -2.4%
- ROA
- -1.1%
- FCF margin
- 12.4%
Financial statements (source on every figure)
Revenue and net income (ARS)
Margins
Income statement · ARS
| Line | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | 2024 | 2025 | Source (latest year) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Revenue | 886.8 bn | 2,581.0 bn | 4,944.8 bn | 5,898.6 bn | 5,443.0 bn | 8,328.8 bn | SEC (XBRL)· 11 Mar 2026verified |
| Operating income | 59.7 bn | -16.9 bn | -2,000.1 bn | -358.3 bn | -192.7 bn | 450.0 bn | SEC (XBRL)· 11 Mar 2026verified |
| Interest expense | 72.6 bn | -174.1 bn | -201.7 bn | 1,817.1 bn | -1,914.8 bn | 748.8 bn | SEC (XBRL)· 11 Mar 2026verified |
| Pre-tax income | 9.3 bn | 262.4 bn | -1,574.2 bn | -1,684.3 bn | 1,897.5 bn | -191.7 bn | SEC (XBRL)· 11 Mar 2026verified |
| Income tax | 24.3 bn | 202.1 bn | -179.7 bn | -969.0 bn | 538.2 bn | -46.4 bn | SEC (XBRL)· 11 Mar 2026verified |
| Net income | -16.8 bn | 52.6 bn | -1,409.4 bn | -738.3 bn | 1,331.8 bn | -170.0 bn | SEC (XBRL)· 11 Mar 2026verified |
| Diluted EPS | -7.80 | 24.40 | -654.40 | -342.81 | 618.38 | -78.94 | SEC (XBRL)· 11 Mar 2026verified |
Balance sheet · ARS
| Line | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | 2024 | 2025 | Source (latest year) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cash | 18.5 bn | 226.0 m | 226.0 m | — | — | — | SEC (XBRL)· 20 Mar 2023verified |
| Inventories | 5.6 bn | 6.1 bn | 20.1 bn | 68.7 bn | 79.5 bn | 79.5 bn | SEC (XBRL)· 11 Mar 2026verified |
| Current assets | 80.4 bn | 126.9 bn | 351.8 bn | 1,050.0 bn | 993.0 bn | 1,833.8 bn | SEC (XBRL)· 11 Mar 2026verified |
| Property, plant & equipment, net | 484.3 bn | 878.9 bn | 2,468.8 bn | 4,947.2 bn | 5,696.7 bn | 6,789.1 bn | SEC (XBRL)· 11 Mar 2026verified |
| Goodwill | 380.2 bn | 2,299.6 bn | 3,355.1 bn | 4,422.9 bn | 4,436.7 bn | 4,444.0 bn | SEC (XBRL)· 11 Mar 2026verified |
| Intangibles (excl. goodwill) | 157.0 bn | 280.7 bn | 793.5 bn | 1,973.9 bn | 2,494.7 bn | 2,671.5 bn | SEC (XBRL)· 11 Mar 2026verified |
| Total assets | 1,135.2 bn | 2,101.8 bn | 5,384.2 bn | 11,928.2 bn | 14,393.7 bn | 16,622.6 bn | SEC (XBRL)· 11 Mar 2026verified |
| Short-term debt | — | — | 418.4 bn | 1,227.1 bn | 1,411.2 bn | 1,616.5 bn | SEC (XBRL)· 11 Mar 2026verified |
| Long-term debt | 239.4 bn | 393.6 bn | 1,042.7 bn | 3,407.1 bn | 2,374.8 bn | 3,820.1 bn | SEC (XBRL)· 11 Mar 2026verified |
| Current liabilities | 160.1 bn | 322.5 bn | 897.8 bn | 2,410.0 bn | 2,576.3 bn | 3,838.3 bn | SEC (XBRL)· 11 Mar 2026verified |
| Total liabilities | 548.2 bn | 1,030.7 bn | 2,853.8 bn | 7,038.5 bn | 7,112.8 bn | 9,639.2 bn | SEC (XBRL)· 11 Mar 2026verified |
| Equity | 3,560.4 bn | 7,263.6 bn | 7,248.6 bn | 6,432.4 bn | 7,280.9 bn | 6,983.3 bn | SEC (XBRL)· 11 Mar 2026verified |
- 2023
- 4,947.2 bn
- 2024
- 5,696.7 bn
- 2025
- 6,789.1 bn
SEC (XBRL)· 11 Mar 2026verified
- 2023
- 1,973.9 bn
- 2024
- 2,494.7 bn
- 2025
- 2,671.5 bn
SEC (XBRL)· 11 Mar 2026verified
Cash flow · ARS
| Line | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | 2024 | 2025 | Source (latest year) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Operating cash flow | 293.9 bn | 788.8 bn | 1,451.4 bn | 1,769.5 bn | 1,067.5 bn | 2,385.9 bn | SEC (XBRL)· 11 Mar 2026verified |
| Capex | 153.7 bn | 446.4 bn | 795.1 bn | 756.1 bn | 458.0 bn | 1,355.1 bn | SEC (XBRL)· 11 Mar 2026verified |
| Free cash flow | 140.1 bn ≈ | 342.4 bn ≈ | 656.2 bn ≈ | 1,013.4 bn ≈ | 609.6 bn ≈ | 1,030.8 bn ≈ | SEC (XBRL)· 11 Mar 2026derived |
| Investing cash flow | -240.4 bn | -698.3 bn | -1,124.8 bn | -1,631.7 bn | -504.4 bn | -3,011.6 bn | SEC (XBRL)· 11 Mar 2026verified |
| Financing cash flow | -105.3 bn | -123.1 bn | -310.6 bn | -275.5 bn | -533.6 bn | 613.0 bn | SEC (XBRL)· 11 Mar 2026verified |
| Dividends paid | 1.1 bn | 1.4 bn | 1.2 bn | — | — | 20.3 bn | SEC (XBRL)· 11 Mar 2026verified |
≈ computed by olivLaw from the reported lines of the same year: Operating cash flow − Capex.
Computed indicators
Growth
Profitability
Returns
Balance sheet
Liquidity
Cash
Efficiency
Market and valuation
1 indicators that do not apply to the sector.
Valuation
olivLaw classification
- indicators available: 5 of at least 6
- score weight coverage: 29.2% of at least 60%
A scoring methodology on indicators and valuation, not investment advice.
Closing price
04 Nov 2026Source: olivLaw, closing series
Market cap: unavailable
Price and reporting are in different currencies; market indicators are unavailable.
Key indicators
Coverage and freshness
Score by group
29% · Insufficient data
Estimated value range
unavailable — no valuation assumptions for the reporting currency
Valuation assumptions are editorial choices, not measured; beta is not measured.
Valuation methods
Classification (SIC) comparables group by industry code, not by economic activity; the direct group is an editorial selection by activity. Members' multiples are on their own trailing twelve months, at their own latest close.
Assumptions (illustrative, editorial)
- Risk-free rate
- 6.5%
- Equity risk premium
- 6.0%
- Beta (default)
- 1.00
- Cost of equity
- 12.5%
- Terminal growth
- 3.0%
Factor scorecard
Insufficient data
Minimum-evidence gate: indicators available: 5 of at least 6; score weight coverage: 29.2% of at least 60%
| Factor | Value | Score | Weight used |
|---|---|---|---|
| ROIC · Quality | unavailable | unavailable | — |
| Net margin · Quality | -2.0% | 0 (on a fixed band) | 21% |
| FCF conversion · Quality | unavailable | unavailable | — |
| Revenue CAGR 3Y · Growth | 19.0% | 100 (on a fixed band) | 29% |
| EPS CAGR 3Y · Growth | unavailable | unavailable | — |
| Net debt / EBITDA · Balance sheet | unavailable | unavailable | — |
| Interest coverage · Balance sheet | 0.6x | 0 (on a fixed band) | 21% |
| Current ratio · Balance sheet | 0.5x | 0 (on a fixed band) | 14% |
| P/E (TTM) · Valuation | unavailable | unavailable | — |
| EV/EBITDA · Valuation | unavailable | unavailable | — |
| FCF yield · Valuation | unavailable | unavailable | — |
| Shareholder yield (distributions) · Returns | unavailable | unavailable | — |
| Payout ratio (FCF) · Returns | 2.0% | 100 (on a fixed band) | 14% |
Factors without a value were dropped; the remaining weights were renormalised.
Score groups
- Balance sheet0/100 · 2/3 factors with a value
- Growth· partial100/100 · 1/2 factors with a value
- Quality· partial0/100 · 1/3 factors with a value
- Returns· partial100/100 · 1/2 factors with a value
- Valuation· partialunavailable · 0/3 factors with a value
A «partial» group is computed from under half of its weight or from one factor: it is not a full assessment of the group.
Memo
TELECOM ARGENTINA SA (TEO). Latest full fiscal year: 2025; data up to 2025-12-31.
Figures computed from the financial statements: revenue 8,328.8 bn ARS in 2025; YoY growth 53.0%; net margin -2.0%; ROE -2.4%.
The estimated value range is 163.13–201.52 ARS per share (median of 1 methods, agreement: single method); assumptions are illustrative. The range is the median of the methods' low, central and high values, not a probability interval.
Insufficient data for a verdict (indicators available: 5 of at least 6; score weight coverage: 29.2% of at least 60%).
Text generated deterministically from the figures shown; no language model. Not investment advice.
What supports the thesis
- Revenue CAGR 3Y: 19.0%
- Payout ratio (FCF): 2.0%
What contradicts it
- Net margin: -2.0%
- Interest coverage: 0.6x
- Current ratio: 0.5x
Not assessed (insufficient data or a ratio without meaning): ROIC, FCF conversion, EPS CAGR 3Y, Net debt / EBITDA, P/E (TTM), EV/EBITDA, FCF yield, Shareholder yield (distributions).
Versus the vertical median
Not enough comparable companies with data for an average.
olivLaw engine forecast
The world engine ran after the company's latest material disclosure. Probabilities are of TOUCHING a level within the horizon (not closing there) and sit next to the random walk (p_rw), the no-information benchmark.
The engine has no published run for this company yet.
Valuation scenarios (editable assumptions)
Illustrative scenarios
Scenarios are not available. input data missing
AI analysis
AI-generatedAI-generated analysis (Claude) from cited public sources; it may contain errors. Not investment advice. As of 27 Oct 2026 · Model: claude-haiku-5-5.
Possibly outdated: the newest document it read is from 11 Mar 2026; since then the company filed 6-K (30 Oct 2026), 6-K (14 Oct 2026), 6-K (11 Sept 2026), 6-K (10 Aug 2026), 6-K (07 Aug 2026), 6-K (22 Jul 2026).
In brief
Telecom Argentina is one of the largest private telecom, fixed internet and cable TV providers in Argentina, with operations also in Paraguay, Uruguay, the United States and Chile. The year 2025 was shaped by the TMA acquisition, which brought consolidated revenues of P$8,328,814 million, but also a net loss of P$145,304 million 1.
SWOT
Strengths
- The company has a large customer base and an important position in Argentine telecom, supported by extensive owned networks.
- The TMA acquisition added nationwide infrastructure and greater scale in mobile and fixed services.
- Access to international capital markets allowed refinancing of bank loans.
Weaknesses
- The company reported a net loss in 2025 after a profit in the prior year.
- Dollar-denominated debt and high financing costs expose the company to currency volatility.
- Reporting TMA as a separate segment may complicate comparability of results.
Opportunities
- Extending fiber and 5G networks could support new B2B services.
- The Personal Pay platform and the banking partnership could develop digital financial services.
- Cybersecurity and IoT solutions could generate revenue from corporate clients.
Threats
- Conditions set by the competition authority could restrict the integration of TMA.
- High inflation and exchange rate instability could affect margins and purchasing power.
- Competition in telephony and television could pressure prices and revenues.
Risks
- Antitrust approval of TMAhigh
The competition authority has not yet issued a final decision, and conditions could change the integration plan.
- Currency exposurehigh
Dollar debt combined with peso depreciation could increase the financial burden.
- Inflation and regulationmedium
High inflation could limit price adjustments and affect operating margins.
- Net lossmedium
The 2025 net loss shows profitability is not yet stable, which could limit financial flexibility.
- Management changeslow
The CFO's departure and an interim arrangement could create uncertainty in financial management.
Investment thesis
What would need to be true (bull case)
- If the TMA integration produces synergies, the company could benefit from greater national scale.
- Bond refinancing could reduce financing costs and extend the maturity of its debt.
- Growth in fintech and B2B services could diversify revenue sources.
What would break the thesis
- If the competition authority imposes strict restrictions, the TMA synergies could be delayed or reduced.
- If the peso keeps depreciating, the dollar debt could become more costly to service.
- If inflation stays high, margins could be squeezed by higher costs.
What to watch
- Aprobarea parteneriatului cu Banco Macro2026
- Decision of the national competition authority on TMA2026
- Quarterly results and Adjusted EBITDA trendQ1 2027
- Approval of the Banco Macro partnership2026
Products, market & competition
AI-generatedAI-generated analysis (Claude) from cited public sources; it may contain errors. Not investment advice. As of 27 Oct 2026 · Model: claude-haiku-5-5.
Possibly outdated: the newest document it read is from 11 Mar 2026; since then the company filed 6-K (30 Oct 2026), 6-K (14 Oct 2026), 6-K (11 Sept 2026), 6-K (10 Aug 2026), 6-K (07 Aug 2026), 6-K (22 Jul 2026).
The business
The company describes itself as an integrated provider of fixed and mobile connectivity, cable television, data services and IT solutions for customers in Argentina, Paraguay, Uruguay, the United States and Chile, with over 62.1 million customers 1. In 2025 it completed the TMA acquisition at a contractual price of 1245 million USD, and TMA contributed P$2,748,493 million to consolidated revenues 1. Beyond telecom, through Micro Sistemas it develops fintech activities, where in January 2026 Banco Macro invested 75 million USD for 50% of the capital 1.
Segments
ICT Personal Network
The ICT Services provided in Argentina – Personal Network segment covers operations in Argentina excluding TMA and is managed as one results-generating unit with a single cost base and common capital expenditure decisions 1.
ICT TMA Network
Since February 24, 2025, TMA forms a separate segment, ICT Services provided in Argentina – TMA Network, offering mobile and fixed telephony, fixed broadband and video services on its own nationwide networks 1.
Market context
The Argentine peso depreciated 41% in official markets during 2025, and the company issued notes to refinance its debt, including 600 million USD at 8.5% in January 2026 1. Financing costs therefore remain an important factor in the local market.
Trends
- TMA consolidationtailwind
Integrating TMA and extending fiber and 5G networks could support revenue growth if the expected synergies materialize 1.
- Antitrust review of the acquisitionheadwind
The competition authority is still reviewing the TMA transaction, and its outcome could impose conditions on the integration 1.
- Debt refinancingmixed
Bond issuances have replaced costly bank loans, which could lower financing costs if markets stay open 1.
- Fintech and partnershipsmixed
The partnership with Banco Macro for Personal Pay could expand financial products, but it depends on approval by the national competition authority 1.
Competitive position
The reviewed sources do not name competitors, so concrete market positions cannot be described. The company presents itself as one of the largest telecom, cable TV and data transmission providers in Argentina 1.
Competitive pressure stems from sector consolidation and from the requirements of the competition authority, which could influence how the company expands its offerings 1.
- Local mobile and cable operators in Argentina
Local competitors not named in the source; no US listing can be confirmed.
- Regional ICT service providers
Latin American competitors mentioned only in general context, without identification in the source.
- Fintech payment service providers
Digital payment competitors, not identified in the source.
- Cable television providers
Video segment competitors, unnamed in the source reviewed.
Links, dependencies and risks
Who the company is tied to, from its own SEC filings (customers, suppliers, production, partners, competitors, countries, regulation), from the 5 %+ holders' statements (13D/13G) and from what other companies say about it. Click a node for its evidence; on a listed company the graph moves to it.
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News & filings
In the press
- Japan faces mobile network disruptions as major telecom company probes cause: ReportAnadolu Agency (TR, EN) · 05 Nov 2026 · EN
- From Bike Parts Salesman to Telecom TycoonBloomberg Markets · 05 Nov 2026 · EN
- Elektroprenos BiH awards telecom modernization job to firms from BiH, SerbiaBalkan Green Energy News (EN) · 04 Nov 2026 · EN
- Czech-UAE e& PPF Telecom Group among bidders for Croatian Telemachbne IntelliNews (EN) · 03 Nov 2026 · EN
- SK Telecom named UN Global Compact LEAD company for 2027Korea Times — Business · 03 Nov 2026 · EN
- Russian telecom giant Rostelecom to build underground data centers to protect against dronesMeduza English (independent RU/exile) · 02 Nov 2026 · EN
- Hong Kong telecom company agrees to halt U.S. operations under pressureCNBC — Top News · 31 Oct 2026 · EN
- Hong Kong telecom company agrees to halt US operations under pressureCNA (Channel NewsAsia) · 31 Oct 2026 · EN
- US plans to ban Chinese telecom firms from direct access to US phone numbersCNA (Channel NewsAsia) · 30 Oct 2026 · EN
- Investors Buy Rogers (RCI), BCE, Telus Stocks After Canada Telecom SelloffBloomberg Markets · 29 Oct 2026 · EN
- Japanese government asked telecom firms to block extortion site in GMO data breachThe Straits Times — Asia · 29 Oct 2026 · EN
- Gov't to review security at over 170 critical telecom, internet facilitiesKorea Times — Business · 28 Oct 2026 · EN
- Reliance's telecom giant Jio rises in debut after India's largest IPONikkei Asia · 28 Oct 2026 · EN
- Viettel este prima întreprindere vietnameză premiată la Premiile de Excelență Telecom Review. - Vietnam.vnSurge — Google News · 27 Oct 2026 · RO
- Știri rapide 27-10: Nasdaq crește cu 0,82% datorită depunerii ofertei publice inițiale a Anthropic, FPT Telecom raportează un profit de peste 1.000 de miliarde VND. - Vietnam.vnSurge — Google News · 27 Oct 2026 · RO
- Viettel a devenit prima companie vietnameză premiată la Premiile de Excelență Telecom Review. - Vietnam.vnSurge — Google News · 27 Oct 2026 · RO
- Strain-Engineered Deterministic Quantum Dots for Telecom O-Band Emission Using Buried StressorsACS Nano · 26 Oct 2026 · EN
- ZF Tech Day. Cum combină un operator telecom şi o companie de plăţi date anonimizate ale utilizatorilor ca să arate unui retailer unde să deschidă magazine şi unei primării unde să investească. Detalii de la Mihaela Cristescu, Orange Business, şi Corina-Andreea Bulimar, MastercardZiarul Financiar · 26 Oct 2026 · RO
- Prima companie vietnameză premiată la Telecom Review. - Vietnam.vnSurge — Google News · 26 Oct 2026 · RO
- SpaceX Shakes Up Telecom Stocks | Closing BellBloomberg Markets · 23 Oct 2026 · EN
SEC filings
- Current report (foreign issuer)30 Oct 2026
- Current report (foreign issuer)14 Oct 2026
- Current report (foreign issuer)11 Sept 2026
- Current report (foreign issuer)10 Aug 2026
- Current report (foreign issuer)07 Aug 2026
- Current report (foreign issuer)22 Jul 2026
- Current report (foreign issuer)18 Jun 2026
- Current report (foreign issuer)12 May 2026
- Current report (foreign issuer)11 May 2026
- Current report (foreign issuer)11 May 2026
Sources
- [1] Form 20-F, fiscal year ended 2025-12-31 · SEC / Telecom Argentina S.A. · 11 Mar 2026
Figures computed by olivLaw from SEC filings and closing prices; the qualitative analysis is AI-generated from cited sources. Not investment advice.