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Justice comes not from gods or nature but from a mutual agreement among people not to harm one another.

Epicur · Maximele fundamentale · -280 · Maxima 311 minute readpublic domain
Natural justice is a pledge of mutual benefit to refrain from harming one another and not to be harmed.Epicur · Maximele fundamentale · -280 · Maxima 31

Justice is a mutual contract: give up harming so you won't be harmed.

Epicurus gives justice a contractual definition: it is not a cosmic order but an arrangement advantageous to both sides. The mechanism is rational: each person gives up the option of harming in exchange for protection from being harmed, a trade no rational being would refuse. It follows that an unjust law, one that fails to serve this exchange, loses its authority. Traffic rules work exactly this way, as a mutual pact, not a divine command.

Why it mattersSupports critical thinking about laws and norms: ask whether a rule protects everyone mutually or serves only a few.

Mutual pactEach givesup harmingProtectionfor allUnjust lawloses
How the mutual pact produces justice and invalidates unjust laws

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