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olivLaw · US equity research

ICON plc ICLR

Services-Commercial Physical & Biological Research · SIC 8731 · Vertical: Services-Commercial Physical & Biological Research (SIC 8731)

203.11USD−0.32% · 1 dayClose 04 Nov 2026

ICON plc is a contract research organization (CRO) providing outsourced clinical development, functional services and laboratory services to pharmaceutical, biotechnology and medical device companies. Revenue was broadly flat in fiscal 2025 at about 8.25 billion USD, while the company worked through restated financial statements and a delayed annual report in 2026.

The AI analysis may be outdated: new filings came after its sources (see the «AI analysis» section).

At the close of 04 Nov 2026, ICON plc (ICLR) stock was 203.11 USD (−0.32% on the day), with market capitalisation 15.6 bn USD, P/E 70.0 on diluted EPS of 2.90 USD over the last 12 months, beta 1.03, 52-week range 80.08–215.48 USD.

Data as of · AI analysis dated · Source: SEC filings and closing prices, computed by olivLaw.

Market cap
15.6 bn USD
shares as of 31 Dec 2025
P/E (TTM)
70.0
Diluted EPS TTM 2.90 · TTM to 31 Dec 2025
E/P (TTM)
1.43%
TTM to 31 Dec 2025
Dividend yield
unavailable
Beta (2y)
1.03
Volatility (1y) 75%
52-week range
80.08215.48

Price history

Loading chart…

Technical reading

RSI (14)
65.3
strong (55–70)
Bollinger (20, 2)
149.16 – 219.82
in the upper half of the band · %B 0.76 · band width 38.3%
SMA 50 / 200
173.91 / 146.16
uptrend (price > SMA50 > SMA200)
MACD (12, 26, 9)
10.39 / 8.04
MACD above signal

Indicators describe past prices; on their own they do not predict direction. On our history the RSI ≤ 40 filter added no return (see the signals methodology).

Performance

CompanyS&P 500vs S&P 500Vertical median
1 month+20.7%−1.1%+21.8 pp—
3 months+24.2%−0.5%+24.7 pp—
6 months+63.6%+4.4%+59.2 pp—
Year to date+11.5%+12.3%−0.9 pp—
1 year+24.6%+13.5%+11.1 pp+14.7%
3 years−21.3%+76.4%−97.7 pp+18.0%
5 years−23.6%+63.7%−87.3 pp—
Max drawdown (1y)
−60.5%
07 Jan 2026 → 12 Feb 2026
Max drawdown (5y)
−76.9%
16 Jul 2024 → 12 Feb 2026
Compound annual growth (5y)
−5.2%
S&P 500 +10.4%

Price returns, dividends excluded.

Quarterly results

ESEF annual reports carry no quarters: the results are annual (below).

E/P over time

E/P = trailing-12-month diluted EPS / price at quarter end. E/P is the inverse of P/E and stays defined when earnings are negative.

Today's P/E sits at the 90 percentile of its own 10-quarter history (min 16.2, median 28.5, max 137.6; quarters with earnings only).

Fiscal years

Fiscal year20182019202020212022202320242025
Revenue2.6 bn2.8 bn2.8 bn5.5 bn7.7 bn8.1 bn8.2 bn8.3 bn
Revenue YoY+47.6%+8.1%−0.3%+95.9%+41.2%+4.1%+1.7%+0.8%
Net income322.7 m374.0 m332.3 m153.2 m505.3 m554.2 m739.1 m229.3 m
Net income YoY+14.6%+15.9%−11.1%−53.9%+229.9%+9.7%+33.4%−69.0%
Diluted EPS5.896.796.152.256.136.708.902.90
Diluted EPS YoY+14.8%+15.3%−9.4%−63.4%+172.4%+9.3%+32.8%−67.4%
net %12.4%13.3%11.9%2.8%6.5%6.9%9.0%2.8%
Free cash flow220.2 m373.6 m527.2 m735.4 m421.2 m1.0 bn1.1 bn862.0 m

Reported results vs expectations

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Balance sheet & financial health

Fiscal year 2025 · 31 Dec 2025

Cash
647.3 m USD
Financial debt
2.9 bn USD
Net debt
2.2 bn USD
Equity
9.2 bn USD
Total assets
16.3 bn USD
Debt / equity
0.31x
Current ratio
1.10x
ROE
2.5%
ROA
1.4%
FCF margin
10.4%

Financial statements (source on every figure)

Revenue and net income (USD)

Margins

Income statement · USD

Revenue
2023
8.1 bn
2024
8.2 bn
2025
8.3 bn

SEC (XBRL)· 27 May 2026verified

Cost of revenue
2023
5.7 bn
2024
5.8 bn
2025
6.1 bn

SEC (XBRL)· 27 May 2026verified

Gross profit
2023
2.3 bn ≈
2024
2.3 bn ≈
2025
2.2 bn ≈

SEC (XBRL)· 27 May 2026derived

SG&A
2023
768.6 m
2024
728.3 m
2025
780.1 m

SEC (XBRL)· 27 May 2026verified

Operating income
2023
904.7 m
2024
1.0 bn
2025
442.8 m

SEC (XBRL)· 27 May 2026verified

Depreciation & amortisation
2023
586.0 m
2024
488.5 m
2025
383.0 m

SEC (XBRL)· 27 May 2026verified

EBITDA
2023
1.5 bn ≈
2024
1.5 bn ≈
2025
825.8 m ≈

SEC (XBRL)· 27 May 2026derived

Interest expense
2023
336.7 m
2024
237.2 m
2025
197.5 m

SEC (XBRL)· 27 May 2026verified

Pre-tax income
2023
573.0 m
2024
803.8 m
2025
252.5 m

SEC (XBRL)· 27 May 2026verified

Income tax
2023
18.4 m
2024
64.6 m
2025
23.1 m

SEC (XBRL)· 27 May 2026verified

Net income
2023
554.2 m
2024
739.1 m
2025
229.3 m

SEC (XBRL)· 27 May 2026verified

Diluted EPS
2023
6.70
2024
8.90
2025
2.90

SEC (XBRL)· 27 May 2026verified

Weighted average diluted shares
2023
82.7 m
2024
83.0 m
2025
79.0 m

SEC (XBRL)· 27 May 2026verified

Balance sheet · USD

Cash
2023
378.1 m
2024
538.8 m
2025
647.3 m

SEC (XBRL)· 27 May 2026verified

Receivables
2023
1.8 bn
2024
1.4 bn
2025
1.5 bn

SEC (XBRL)· 27 May 2026verified

Inventories
2023
—
2024
—
2025
—

SEC (XBRL)· 01 Mar 2022verified

Current assets
2023
3.3 bn
2024
3.3 bn
2025
3.5 bn

SEC (XBRL)· 27 May 2026verified

Property, plant & equipment, net
2023
361.2 m
2024
382.9 m
2025
395.7 m

SEC (XBRL)· 27 May 2026verified

Goodwill
2023
9.0 bn
2024
9.1 bn
2025
8.7 bn

SEC (XBRL)· 27 May 2026verified

Intangibles (excl. goodwill)
2023
3.9 bn
2024
3.6 bn
2025
3.2 bn

SEC (XBRL)· 27 May 2026verified

Total assets
2023
16.9 bn
2024
16.6 bn
2025
16.3 bn

SEC (XBRL)· 27 May 2026verified

Accounts payable
2023
131.6 m
2024
173.0 m
2025
192.1 m

SEC (XBRL)· 27 May 2026verified

Long-term debt
2023
3.7 bn
2024
3.4 bn
2025
2.9 bn

SEC (XBRL)· 27 May 2026verified

Current liabilities
2023
2.7 bn
2024
2.6 bn
2025
3.2 bn

SEC (XBRL)· 27 May 2026verified

Total liabilities
2023
7.7 bn
2024
7.2 bn
2025
7.1 bn

SEC (XBRL)· 27 May 2026verified

Equity
2023
9.2 bn †
2024
9.4 bn †
2025
9.2 bn †

SEC (XBRL)· 27 May 2026verified

Shares outstanding at year end
2023
82.5 m
2024
80.8 m
2025
76.6 m

SEC (XBRL)· 27 May 2026verified

Cash flow · USD

Operating cash flow
2023
1.2 bn
2024
1.3 bn
2025
1.0 bn

SEC (XBRL)· 27 May 2026verified

Capex
2023
140.7 m
2024
168.1 m
2025
174.2 m

SEC (XBRL)· 27 May 2026verified

Free cash flow
2023
1.0 bn ≈
2024
1.1 bn ≈
2025
862.0 m ≈

SEC (XBRL)· 27 May 2026derived

Investing cash flow
2023
-226.7 m
2024
-266.8 m
2025
-187.5 m

SEC (XBRL)· 27 May 2026verified

Financing cash flow
2023
-844.0 m
2024
-837.2 m
2025
-771.3 m

SEC (XBRL)· 27 May 2026verified

Share repurchases
2023
0
2024
500.0 m
2025
750.0 m

SEC (XBRL)· 27 May 2026verified

Computed indicators

Growth

Revenue growth (YoY)
0.8%
computed by olivLawFY 2025
Revenue CAGR 3Y
2.1%
computed by olivLawFY 2022 → FY 2025
Revenue CAGR 5Y
24.2%
computed by olivLawFY 2020 → FY 2025
EBIT growth (YoY)
-57.1%
computed by olivLawFY 2025
Net income growth (YoY)
-69.0%
computed by olivLawFY 2025
Net income CAGR 3Y
-23.2%
computed by olivLawFY 2022 → FY 2025
Net income CAGR 5Y
-7.2%
computed by olivLawFY 2020 → FY 2025
EPS growth (YoY)
-67.4%
computed by olivLawFY 2025
EPS CAGR 3Y
-22.1%
computed by olivLawFY 2022 → FY 2025
EPS CAGR 5Y
-14.0%
computed by olivLawFY 2020 → FY 2025
FCF growth (YoY)
-22.9%
computed by olivLawFY 2025

Profitability

Gross margin
26.4%
computed by olivLawFY 2025
EBITDA margin
10.0%
computed by olivLawFY 2025
EBIT margin
5.4%
computed by olivLawFY 2025
Net margin
2.8%
computed by olivLawFY 2025
FCF margin
10.4%
computed by olivLawFY 2025

Returns

ROE
2.5%
computed by olivLawFY 2025 · balance sheet at 31 Dec 2025
ROA
1.4%
computed by olivLawFY 2025 · balance sheet at 31 Dec 2025
ROIC
3.4%
computed by olivLawFY 2025 · balance sheet at 31 Dec 2025
ROCE
3.4%
computed by olivLawFY 2025 · balance sheet at 31 Dec 2025
Payout ratio (EPS)
unavailable
input data missing
Payout ratio (FCF)
unavailable
input data missing

Balance sheet

Net debt
2.2 bn USD
computed by olivLawbalance sheet at 31 Dec 2025
Net debt / EBITDA
2.7x
computed by olivLawFY 2025 · balance sheet at 31 Dec 2025
Debt / equity
0.3x
computed by olivLawbalance sheet at 31 Dec 2025
Interest coverage
2.2x
computed by olivLawFY 2025

Liquidity

Current ratio
1.1x
computed by olivLawbalance sheet at 31 Dec 2025
Quick ratio
unavailable
input data missing
Cash ratio
0.2x
computed by olivLawbalance sheet at 31 Dec 2025

Cash

Operating cash flow
1.0 bn USD
computed by olivLawFY 2025
Capital expenditure
174.2 m USD
computed by olivLawFY 2025
Free cash flow
862.0 m USD
computed by olivLawFY 2025
FCF conversion
375.9%
computed by olivLawFY 2025
Cash conversion
125.5%
computed by olivLawFY 2025

Efficiency

Days sales outstanding
63 days
computed by olivLawFY 2025 · balance sheet at 31 Dec 2025
Days inventory outstanding
unavailable
input data missing
Days payables outstanding
11 days
computed by olivLawFY 2025 · balance sheet at 31 Dec 2025
Cash conversion cycle
unavailable
input data missing

Market and valuation

Market capitalisation
15.6 bn USD
computed by olivLawbalance sheet at 31 Dec 2025
Enterprise value
17.8 bn USD
computed by olivLawbalance sheet at 31 Dec 2025
Market cap / net income TTM
67.8x
computed by olivLawFY 2025
P/E (TTM)
70.0x
computed by olivLawFY 2025
Earnings yield
1.4%
computed by olivLawFY 2025
P/B
1.7x
computed by olivLawbalance sheet at 31 Dec 2025
P/S
1.9x
computed by olivLawFY 2025 · balance sheet at 31 Dec 2025
EV/EBITDA
21.5x
computed by olivLawFY 2025 · balance sheet at 31 Dec 2025
EV/EBIT
40.1x
computed by olivLawFY 2025 · balance sheet at 31 Dec 2025
EV/Sales
2.2x
computed by olivLawFY 2025 · balance sheet at 31 Dec 2025
P/FCF
18.0x
computed by olivLawFY 2025 · balance sheet at 31 Dec 2025
FCF yield
5.5%
computed by olivLawFY 2025 · balance sheet at 31 Dec 2025
Dividend yield
unavailable
no dividend in the structured statements; a missing line is not a confirmed zero
Shareholder yield (distributions)
4.8%
computed by olivLawFY 2025 · balance sheet at 31 Dec 2025

1 indicators that do not apply to the sector.

Valuation

olivLaw classification

Unattractive profile

Score: 34 / 100

A scoring methodology on indicators and valuation, not investment advice.

score < 40

Closing price

203.11 USD

04 Nov 2026Source: olivLaw, closing series

Market cap: 15.6 bn USD

Key indicators

Market capitalisation
15.6 bn USD
computed by olivLawbalance sheet at 31 Dec 2025
P/E (TTM)
70.0x
computed by olivLawFY 2025
P/B
1.7x
computed by olivLawbalance sheet at 31 Dec 2025
EV/EBITDA
21.5x
computed by olivLawFY 2025 · balance sheet at 31 Dec 2025
ROE
2.5%
computed by olivLawFY 2025 · balance sheet at 31 Dec 2025
Net margin
2.8%
computed by olivLawFY 2025
Revenue growth (YoY)
0.8%
computed by olivLawFY 2025
Dividend yield
unavailable
no dividend in the structured statements; a missing line is not a confirmed zero

Coverage and freshness

33/37 reporting lines present
Latest full fiscal year: 2025
Latest reported period: 31 Dec 2025
Latest balance sheet date: 31 Dec 2025
Share count (cover of the latest filing), as of: 31 Dec 2025
Source: SEC (XBRL)published 27 May 2026
verified 555

Score by group

  • Balance sheet27
  • Growth9
  • Quality49
  • Returns69
  • Valuation34

Estimated value range

Low
153.52
USD per share
Mid
193.99
USD per share
High
260.07
USD per share
Price: 203.11 USD
The price is within the range
Potential to the central value: -4.5% (value / price − 1)
Margin of safety: -4.7% (1 − price / value)
Agreement between methods: low · 3 methods used · 2 independent bases

The combined range = the median of the valid methods' low, central and high values; it is not a probability interval and does not cover every result. Envelope of all methods: 99.27 – 307.29 USD.

Valuation assumptions are editorial choices, not measured; beta is not measured.

Method ranges (USD per share)

— — Mid · ▏ Price

Valuation methods

  • DCF (discounted cash flow)153.52 – 260.07 (Mid 193.99)
    WACC 8.7% · starting FCFF 1.0 bn USD · terminal value share of EV 75%
    The WACC × g sensitivity gives the method's bounds; these are not probabilities.
    Reverse DCF: starting growth implied by the price (fading linearly to terminal growth, everything else fixed): 3.9%
  • Peers: EV/EBITDA209.67 – 307.29 (Mid 268.62)
    3 companies used · median multiple 27.6x · quartiles 22.1x – 31.2x
    CRL, IQV, NRC
  • Peers: P/E99.27 – 147.40 (Mid 105.62)
    3 companies used · median multiple 36.4x · quartiles 34.2x – 50.8x
    INCY, IQV, MEDP
  • Dividend discount (DDM)unavailable · the company pays no dividend: a dividend model needs an explicit initiation assumption
Multiple comparisons use the SIC vertical: Services-Commercial Physical & Biological Research (SIC 8731)

Classification (SIC) comparables group by industry code, not by economic activity; the direct group is an editorial selection by activity. Members' multiples are on their own trailing twelve months, at their own latest close.

Assumptions (illustrative, editorial)

Risk-free rate
4.3%
Equity risk premium
5.0%
Beta (default)
1.00
Cost of equity
9.3%
Terminal growth
2.5%

Factor scorecard

Unattractive profile · Score 34/100

FactorValueScoreWeight used
ROIC · Quality3.4%11 (on a fixed band)11%
Net margin · Quality2.8%64 (vs peers)7%
FCF conversion · Quality375.9%100 (on a fixed band)7%
Revenue CAGR 3Y · Growth2.1%18 (on a fixed band)9%
EPS CAGR 3Y · Growth-22.1%0 (on a fixed band)9%
Net debt / EBITDA · Balance sheet2.7x37 (on a fixed band)11%
Interest coverage · Balance sheet2.2x11 (on a fixed band)7%
Current ratio · Balance sheet1.1x25 (on a fixed band)4%
P/E (TTM) · Valuation70.0x40 (vs peers)11%
EV/EBITDA · Valuation21.5x0 (on a fixed band)11%
FCF yield · Valuation5.5%69 (on a fixed band)9%
Shareholder yield (distributions) · Returns4.8%69 (on a fixed band)7%
Payout ratio (FCF) · Returnsunavailableunavailable—

Factors without a value were dropped; the remaining weights were renormalised.

Score groups

  • Balance sheet27/100 · 3/3 factors with a value
  • Growth9/100 · 2/2 factors with a value
  • Quality49/100 · 3/3 factors with a value
  • Returns· partial69/100 · 1/2 factors with a value
  • Valuation34/100 · 3/3 factors with a value

A «partial» group is computed from under half of its weight or from one factor: it is not a full assessment of the group.

Memo

ICON plc (ICLR). Latest full fiscal year: 2025; data up to 2025-12-31.

Figures computed from the financial statements: revenue 8.3 bn USD in 2025; YoY growth 0.8%; net margin 2.8%; ROE 2.5%; net debt/EBITDA 2.7x.

The estimated value range is 153.52–260.07 USD per share (median of 3 methods, agreement: low); assumptions are illustrative. Against the central value of 193.99 USD, the price of 203.11 USD leaves a potential of -4.5% (value / price − 1) and a margin of safety of -4.7% (1 − price / value). The range is the median of the methods' low, central and high values, not a probability interval.

olivLaw score 34/100, methodological classification: unattractive profile (score, margin of safety and method agreement together; not a judgement of the right price). Groups assessed only in part: returns. Not investment advice.

Text generated deterministically from the figures shown; no language model. Not investment advice.

What supports the thesis

  • FCF conversion: 375.9%

What contradicts it

  • ROIC: 3.4%
  • Revenue CAGR 3Y: 2.1%
  • EPS CAGR 3Y: -22.1%
  • Interest coverage: 2.2x
  • Current ratio: 1.1x
  • EV/EBITDA: 21.5x
  • The valuation methods diverge

Not assessed (insufficient data or a ratio without meaning): Payout ratio (FCF).

Versus the vertical median

Services-Commercial Physical & Biological Research (SIC 8731) · same industry (4-digit SIC) · compared with 11 companies

Multiples and returns vs the median

P/E
70.0x
vertical median 65.2x
above median (+7.4%)
EV/EBITDA
21.5x
vertical median 27.6x
below median (−22.0%)
P/S
1.9x
vertical median 4.6x
below median (−58.6%)
P/B
1.7x
vertical median 4.8x
below median (−65.1%)
ROE
2.5%
vertical median -7.6%
above median
Net margin
2.8%
vertical median -108.1%
above median
EBIT margin
5.4%
vertical median -115.9%
above median
Revenue YoY
0.8%
vertical median -4.0%
above median
Net debt/EBITDA
2.7x
vertical median 4.0x
below median (−33.0%)
Dividend yield
—
vertical median —

Price rebased to 100 (monthly, 5 years)

Companies in the vertical

Market capP/EROENet marginRevenue YoY1A / 3A
IQVIqvia Holdings Inc.43.5 bn32.021.7%8.1%+5.9%+15% / +23%
INCYIncyte Corporation25.0 bn65.27.8%6.7%+21.2%+18% / +126%
MEDPMedpace Holdings, Inc.18.4 bn36.4117.9%18.2%+20.0%+11% / +143%
CRLCharles River Laboratories International, Inc.15.6 bn385.51.2%1.0%−0.9%+83% / +66%
ICLRICON plc15.6 bn70.02.5%2.8%+0.8%+25% / −21%
ABSIAbsci Corp1.8 bn—-57.7%-7,756.4%−38.2%+231% / +528%
OABIOmniab, Inc.755.6 m—-16.5%-108.1%−29.3%+186% / +18%
NRCNRC Health574.5 m95.9248.1%4.5%−4.0%+59% / −35%
ONMDOnemednet Corporation269.2 m——-584.2%+111.4%−75% / −89%
MXCTMaxCyte, Inc.143.5 m—-20.4%-114.8%−14.5%−21% / −71%
BIAFbioAffinity Technologies, Inc.23.7 m—-1,860.2%-257.3%−34.2%−87% / −100%
ISPCiSpecimen Inc.2.1 m—-968.5%-2,449.0%−79.2%−95% / −100%

1- and 3-year price returns: for ICLR from daily closes (the same as the performance table), for the other companies from month-end closes.

olivLaw engine forecast

The world engine ran after the company's latest material disclosure. Probabilities are of TOUCHING a level within the horizon (not closing there) and sit next to the random walk (p_rw), the no-information benchmark.

The engine has no published run for this company yet.

Valuation scenarios (editable assumptions)

Illustrative scenarios

Illustrative: not forecasts and without probabilities. Each case is one coherent set of assumptions, computed on today's figures.

Bear
Allowed range: -50 … 50%
Allowed range: -100 … 100%
Allowed range: 0 … 100
Allowed range: -10 … 20%
Allowed range: 0 … 100%
Base
Allowed range: -50 … 50%
Allowed range: -100 … 100%
Allowed range: 0 … 100
Allowed range: -10 … 20%
Allowed range: 0 … 100%
Bull
Allowed range: -50 … 50%
Allowed range: -100 … 100%
Allowed range: 0 … 100
Allowed range: -10 … 20%
Allowed range: 0 … 100%
Nothing is saved.

Estimated price (USD)

Estimated priceBearBaseBull
1 years
121.07
Total return -40% · Per year -40%
214.29
Total return 6% · Per year 6%
323.12
Total return 59% · Per year 59%
3 years
112.01
Total return -45% · Per year -18%
223.60
Total return 10% · Per year 3%
370.97
Total return 83% · Per year 22%
5 years
103.64
Total return -49% · Per year -13%
233.32
Total return 15% · Per year 3%
425.91
Total return 110% · Per year 16%
What moves the 3-year price the most
  • Exit P/E± 55.90
  • Net margin± 39.13
  • Annual revenue growth± 32.86
  • Annual dilution± 3.29

AI analysis

AI-generatedAI-generated analysis (Claude) from cited public sources; it may contain errors. Not investment advice. As of 27 Oct 2026 · Model: claude-haiku-5-5.

Possibly outdated: the newest document it read is from 27 May 2026; since then the company filed 6-K (27 Oct 2026), 6-K (08 Oct 2026), 6-K (09 Sept 2026), 6-K (20 Aug 2026), 6-K (18 Aug 2026).

In brief

ICON plc is a contract research organization (CRO) providing outsourced clinical development, functional services and laboratory services to pharmaceutical, biotechnology and medical device companies. Revenue was broadly flat in fiscal 2025 at about 8.25 billion USD 1, while the company worked through restated financial statements and a delayed annual report in 2026 1.

SWOT

Strengths

  • The company has an extensive global footprint with staff across many countries and a broad portfolio from clinical development to laboratory services 1.
  • Its backlog of unsatisfied performance obligations is substantial and points to a large volume of contracted revenue 1.
  • Relationships with most of the world's leading pharmaceutical and biotech companies provide an established client base 1.

Weaknesses

  • The company restated its financial statements for 2023 and 2024 and reported material weaknesses in internal control over financial reporting 1.
  • Revenue depends on a relatively small number of large clients, and direct costs have risen as a share of revenue 1.
  • The late filing of the annual report required waivers from lenders, showing strain in relations with financiers 1.

Opportunities

  • Demand for post-marketing and comparative effectiveness research could grow, opening new areas of activity 1.
  • If outsourcing keeps rising, the company could win larger contracts through strategic partnerships 1.
  • Investment in data and decentralized trial technology could create higher value-added services 1.

Threats

  • Financing difficulties at biotech clients could reduce orders and increase the risk of non-payment 1.
  • Currency movements can affect results because contracts and costs are denominated in different currencies 1.
  • Healthcare reform and regulatory changes could reduce business opportunities 1.

Risks

  • Loss or delay of large contractshigh

    Clients can discontinue or cancel projects without notice, and losing large contracts could materially affect revenue and profitability 1.

  • Internal control and financial reportinghigh

    The company was required to remediate material control weaknesses and delay filing its financial statements, which could affect its access to public capital markets 1.

  • Customer concentrationmedium

    A small number of clients generates a large part of revenue, and a loss or reduction of their activity would have a material impact 1.

  • Debt and credit termsmedium

    Secured borrowings and covenants can limit flexibility, and variable interest rates could raise financing costs 1.

  • International and regulatory exposuremedium

    Operations across many jurisdictions expose the company to FDA, anti-corruption and data protection rules that could lead to penalties and additional costs 1.

Investment thesis

What would need to be true (bull case)

  • If outsourcing of research keeps growing and large clients deepen partnerships with global CROs, the company could benefit from stable order flow and expanding activity 1.
  • A large backlog and a broad service range could support revenue over the medium term, especially if remediation of internal control succeeds 1.
  • If timely financial reporting is confirmed, pressure from lenders could ease and operations could become more predictable 1.

What would break the thesis

  • If biotech financing worsens, new orders could slow and the conversion of backlog into revenue could decline 1.
  • The restatement of prior-year revenue and control weaknesses could bring extra costs and weigh on investor confidence 1.
  • If large clients reduce volumes or move to fewer providers, the company could lose important contracts and see margins decline 1.

What to watch

  • Filing of the delayed annual and quarterly financial statements within the consent periods granted by lenders2026
  • Trend in new business awards and in the backlog of unsatisfied performance obligationsQ1 2027
  • Refinancing of the 500 million USD bridge secured credit facility before its maturity2027
  • Remediation of the material weaknesses in internal control reported as of December 31, 2025next 10-K

Products, market & competition

AI-generatedAI-generated analysis (Claude) from cited public sources; it may contain errors. Not investment advice. As of 27 Oct 2026 · Model: claude-haiku-5-5.

Possibly outdated: the newest document it read is from 27 May 2026; since then the company filed 6-K (27 Oct 2026), 6-K (08 Oct 2026), 6-K (09 Sept 2026), 6-K (20 Aug 2026), 6-K (18 Aug 2026).

The business

Founded in Dublin in 1990 and organized as a public limited company in Ireland, ICON provides clinical development services covering all phases I-IV, functional outsourcing and laboratory services, including bioanalytical, biomarker, vaccine, GMP and central laboratory testing 1. Its model spans strategic partnerships, preferred provider arrangements, full-service delivery and stand-alone services, serving large pharma, mid-tier pharma and biotech clients 1. At December 31, 2025 it employed approximately 40,100 people in 97 locations across 55 countries 1.

Revenue is concentrated geographically: in fiscal 2025 Europe generated 57.9% of revenue, the United States 30.6% and the rest of the world 11.5% 1. Customers are diversified but relatively concentrated, with the top five representing 24.8% of revenue and the largest single customer 7.0% 1. Unsatisfied performance obligations of 14.9 billion USD at December 31, 2025 show contracted revenue not yet earned, though the company cautions this is not necessarily a predictor of future results 1.

In 2025 the company repurchased shares for 750.0 million USD, and in April 2026 it entered a 500 million USD bridge secured credit facility to repay 2026 notes 1. In 2026 it also completed the disposal of Symphony Health Solutions and holds a minority stake in HealthVerity carried at a nil value 1.

Segments

Clinical development

Clinical development services cover all phases from I to IV, peri- and post-approval activities, data solutions and site and patient access, forming the core of the company's activity 1.

Functional and partnership services

Functional outsourcing and strategic or preferred provider partnerships let clients outsource specific parts of studies, with contracting that varies by region 1.

Laboratory services

Laboratories offer bioanalytical, biomarker, vaccine, GMP manufacturing and central laboratory testing, higher-value services than basic trial monitoring 1.

Market context

The company describes a market where productivity pressure and tight budgets at biopharma firms drive more outsourcing, as companies seek efficiency and to convert fixed costs to variable 1. Demand for late-stage and comparative effectiveness research could grow as requirements to demonstrate economic value expand 1.

The market is also sensitive to client R&D spending and vendor consolidation, as large pharma reduces its number of outsourcing partners and enters strategic partnerships with a few providers 1. If biotech funding remained constrained, it could weigh on billings and demand for services 1.

Trends

  • Outsourcing of research activitiestailwind

    Pharmaceutical companies are increasingly outsourcing to convert fixed costs to variable and speed time to market, which supports demand for CROs 1.

  • Consolidation of vendors by large pharmamixed

    Large clients are reducing their vendor base and entering strategic partnerships with a limited number of providers, which could concentrate work with a few large CROs 1.

  • Biotech financingheadwind

    If biotech customers cannot raise enough financing, demand for clinical studies could fall and the risk of unpaid invoices could rise 1.

  • Artificial intelligence and data technologymixed

    The company invests in data solutions and decentralized trial technology, but the development and use of artificial intelligence also brings legal and reputational uncertainties 1.

Competitive position

The company describes its market as highly competitive and dynamic, with rivals offering global clinical development services 1. It positions itself as one of a select group of CROs able to run trials across major therapeutic areas globally, with an edge in integrated services and operational flexibility 1.

  • IQVIAIQV

    Global competitor in clinical research and data services, part of the small group of CROs with worldwide capability.

  • MedpaceMEDP

    Specialized clinical services provider competing for clinical development projects in the mid-tier segment of the industry.

  • FortreaFTRE

    Contract research organization competing for outsourced clinical services from pharmaceutical companies.

  • Parexel

    Global clinical development competitor that bids against the company for projects from large and mid-tier pharma.

News & filings

In the press

Sources

  1. [1] Form 20-F, fiscal year ended 2025-12-31 · SEC / ICON plc · 27 May 2026

Figures computed by olivLaw from SEC filings and closing prices; the qualitative analysis is AI-generated from cited sources. Not investment advice.