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olivLaw · US equity research

Cementos Pacasmayo S.A.A. CPAC

Cement, Hydraulic · SIC 3241 · Vertical: Cement, Hydraulic (SIC 3241)

12.73USD+0.32% · 1 dayClose 04 Nov 2026

Cementos Pacasmayo is the only cement manufacturer in northern Peru, with an installed capacity of about 4.9 million metric tons a year and an estimated 22.4% share of national cement shipments in 2025. The company came under new control in March 2026, when Holcim acquired a 50.01% stake, which raises questions about its future strategy and listing.

The AI analysis may be outdated: new filings came after its sources (see the «AI analysis» section).

At the close of 04 Nov 2026, Cementos Pacasmayo S.A.A. (CPAC) stock was 12.73 USD (+0.32% on the day), with beta -0.01, 52-week range 6.38–12.79 USD.

Data as of · AI analysis dated · Source: SEC filings and closing prices, computed by olivLaw.

Market cap
unavailable
shares as of 31 Dec 2025
P/E (TTM)
unavailable
Diluted EPS TTM 0.46 · TTM to 31 Dec 2024
E/P (TTM)
unavailable
TTM to 31 Dec 2024
Dividend yield
unavailable
Beta (2y)
-0.01
Volatility (1y) 53%
52-week range
6.3812.79

Price history

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Technical reading

RSI (14)
60.8
strong (55–70)
Bollinger (20, 2)
12.20 – 13.01
in the upper half of the band · %B 0.66 · band width 6.4%
SMA 50 / 200
12.46 / 11.35
uptrend (price > SMA50 > SMA200)
MACD (12, 26, 9)
0.11 / 0.12
MACD below signal

Indicators describe past prices; on their own they do not predict direction. On our history the RSI ≤ 40 filter added no return (see the signals methodology).

Performance

CompanyS&P 500vs S&P 500Vertical median
1 month+4.3%−1.1%+5.4 pp—
3 months+6.5%−0.5%+7.0 pp—
6 months+21.4%+4.4%+17.0 pp—
Year to date+22.2%+12.3%+9.9 pp—
1 year+73.0%+13.5%+59.4 pp−14.3%
3 years+153.1%+76.4%+76.7 pp+47.1%
5 years+110.8%+63.7%+47.1 pp—
Max drawdown (1y)
−15.3%
23 Jan 2026 → 20 Mar 2026
Max drawdown (5y)
−36.7%
04 Apr 2022 → 12 Jul 2022
Compound annual growth (5y)
+16.1%
S&P 500 +10.4%

Price returns, dividends excluded.

Quarterly results

ESEF annual reports carry no quarters: the results are annual (below).

E/P over time

the price (USD) and the reports are in different currencies

E/P = trailing-12-month diluted EPS / price at quarter end. E/P is the inverse of P/E and stays defined when earnings are negative.

Fiscal years

Fiscal year20172018201920202021202220232024
Revenue1.2 bn1.3 bn1.4 bnunavailableunavailable2.1 bn2.0 bn2.0 bn
Revenue YoY−1.3%+3.5%+10.3%unavailableunavailableunavailable−7.8%+1.4%
Net income93.8 m76.7 m132.0 m57.9 m153.2 m176.8 m168.9 m198.9 m
Net income YoY−19.3%−18.2%+72.2%−56.2%+164.6%+15.4%−4.5%+17.7%
Diluted EPS0.210.180.310.140.360.410.390.46
Diluted EPS YoY0.0%−14.3%+72.2%−54.8%+157.1%+13.9%−4.9%+17.9%
net %7.7%6.1%9.5%unavailableunavailable8.4%8.7%10.1%
Free cash flow179.1 m123.4 m127.5 m284.0 m85.0 m-51.0 m139.7 m256.8 m

Reported results vs expectations

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Balance sheet & financial health

Fiscal year 2024 · 31 Dec 2024

Cash
72.7 m PEN
Financial debt
unavailable PEN
Net debt
unavailable PEN
Equity
1.2 bn PEN
Total assets
3.2 bn PEN
Debt / equity
unavailable
Current ratio
1.30x
ROE
16.6%
ROA
6.2%
FCF margin
13.0%

Financial statements (source on every figure)

Revenue and net income (PEN)

Margins

Income statement · PEN

Revenue
2022
2.1 bn
2023
2.0 bn
2024
2.0 bn

SEC (XBRL)· 29 Apr 2025verified

Cost of revenue
2022
1.5 bn
2023
1.3 bn
2024
1.2 bn

SEC (XBRL)· 29 Apr 2025verified

Gross profit
2022
652.0 m
2023
689.5 m
2024
728.5 m

SEC (XBRL)· 29 Apr 2025verified

Operating income
2022
355.3 m
2023
337.6 m
2024
391.0 m

SEC (XBRL)· 29 Apr 2025verified

Depreciation & amortisation
2022
121.9 m
2023
125.5 m
2024
134.3 m

SEC (XBRL)· 29 Apr 2025verified

EBITDA
2022
477.2 m ≈
2023
463.0 m ≈
2024
525.4 m ≈

SEC (XBRL)· 29 Apr 2025derived

Interest expense
2022
95.1 m
2023
104.0 m
2024
100.3 m

SEC (XBRL)· 29 Apr 2025verified

Pre-tax income
2022
262.4 m
2023
245.7 m
2024
296.2 m

SEC (XBRL)· 29 Apr 2025verified

Income tax
2022
85.6 m
2023
76.8 m
2024
97.3 m

SEC (XBRL)· 29 Apr 2025verified

Net income
2022
176.8 m
2023
168.9 m
2024
198.9 m

SEC (XBRL)· 29 Apr 2025verified

Diluted EPS
2022
0.41
2023
0.39
2024
0.46

SEC (XBRL)· 29 Apr 2025verified

Dividend per share
2022
0.42
2023
0.41
2024
0.41

SEC (XBRL)· 29 Apr 2025derived

Balance sheet · PEN

Cash
2022
81.8 m
2023
90.2 m
2024
72.7 m

SEC (XBRL)· 29 Apr 2025verified

Receivables
2022
101.5 m
2023
99.7 m
2024
131.2 m

SEC (XBRL)· 29 Apr 2025verified

Inventories
2022
885.0 m
2023
791.1 m
2024
774.0 m

SEC (XBRL)· 29 Apr 2025verified

Current assets
2022
1.2 bn
2023
992.2 m
2024
992.5 m

SEC (XBRL)· 29 Apr 2025verified

Property, plant & equipment, net
2022
2.0 bn
2023
2.1 bn
2024
2.0 bn

SEC (XBRL)· 29 Apr 2025verified

Goodwill
2022
4.5 m
2023
4.5 m
2024
4.5 m

SEC (XBRL)· 29 Apr 2025verified

Total assets
2022
3.3 bn
2023
3.2 bn
2024
3.2 bn

SEC (XBRL)· 29 Apr 2025verified

Accounts payable
2022
284.6 m
2023
231.5 m
2024
242.1 m

SEC (XBRL)· 29 Apr 2025verified

Current liabilities
2022
953.1 m
2023
689.4 m
2024
765.6 m

SEC (XBRL)· 29 Apr 2025verified

Total liabilities
2022
2.1 bn
2023
2.0 bn
2024
2.0 bn

SEC (XBRL)· 29 Apr 2025verified

Equity
2022
1.2 bn
2023
1.2 bn
2024
1.2 bn

SEC (XBRL)· 29 Apr 2025verified

Shares outstanding at year end
2022
423.9 m
2023
423.9 m
2024
423.9 m

SEC (XBRL)· 29 Apr 2025verified

Cash flow · PEN

Operating cash flow
2022
111.8 m
2023
412.3 m
2024
321.1 m

SEC (XBRL)· 29 Apr 2025verified

Capex
2022
162.8 m
2023
272.6 m
2024
64.3 m

SEC (XBRL)· 29 Apr 2025verified

Free cash flow
2022
-51.0 m ≈
2023
139.7 m ≈
2024
256.8 m ≈

SEC (XBRL)· 29 Apr 2025derived

Investing cash flow
2022
-176.2 m
2023
-289.4 m
2024
-76.6 m

SEC (XBRL)· 29 Apr 2025verified

Financing cash flow
2022
-121.5 m
2023
-115.4 m
2024
-261.3 m

SEC (XBRL)· 29 Apr 2025verified

Dividends paid
2022
179.8 m
2023
175.4 m
2024
175.0 m

SEC (XBRL)· 29 Apr 2025verified

Computed indicators

Growth

Revenue growth (YoY)
1.4%
computed by olivLawFY 2024
Revenue CAGR 3Y
unavailable
input data missing
Revenue CAGR 5Y
7.3%
computed by olivLawFY 2019 → FY 2024
EBIT growth (YoY)
15.8%
computed by olivLawFY 2024
Net income growth (YoY)
17.7%
computed by olivLawFY 2024
Net income CAGR 3Y
9.1%
computed by olivLawFY 2021 → FY 2024
Net income CAGR 5Y
8.5%
computed by olivLawFY 2019 → FY 2024
EPS growth (YoY)
17.9%
computed by olivLawFY 2024
EPS CAGR 3Y
8.5%
computed by olivLawFY 2021 → FY 2024
EPS CAGR 5Y
8.2%
computed by olivLawFY 2019 → FY 2024
FCF growth (YoY)
83.8%
computed by olivLawFY 2024

Profitability

Gross margin
36.8%
computed by olivLawFY 2024
EBITDA margin
26.6%
computed by olivLawFY 2024
EBIT margin
19.8%
computed by olivLawFY 2024
Net margin
10.1%
computed by olivLawFY 2024
FCF margin
13.0%
computed by olivLawFY 2024

Returns

ROE
16.6%
computed by olivLawFY 2024 · balance sheet at 31 Dec 2024
ROA
6.2%
computed by olivLawFY 2024 · balance sheet at 31 Dec 2024
ROIC
unavailable
input data missing
ROCE
16.3%
computed by olivLawFY 2024 · balance sheet at 31 Dec 2024
Payout ratio (EPS)
89.8%
computed by olivLawFY 2024
Payout ratio (FCF)
68.2%
computed by olivLawFY 2024

Balance sheet

Net debt
unavailable
input data missing
Net debt / EBITDA
unavailable
input data missing
Debt / equity
unavailable
input data missing
Interest coverage
3.9x
computed by olivLawFY 2024

Liquidity

Current ratio
1.3x
computed by olivLawbalance sheet at 31 Dec 2024
Quick ratio
0.3x
computed by olivLawbalance sheet at 31 Dec 2024
Cash ratio
0.1x
computed by olivLawbalance sheet at 31 Dec 2024

Cash

Operating cash flow
321.1 m PEN
computed by olivLawFY 2024
Capital expenditure
64.3 m PEN
computed by olivLawFY 2024
Free cash flow
256.8 m PEN
computed by olivLawFY 2024
FCF conversion
129.1%
computed by olivLawFY 2024
Cash conversion
61.1%
computed by olivLawFY 2024

Efficiency

Days sales outstanding
21 days
computed by olivLawFY 2024 · balance sheet at 31 Dec 2024
Days inventory outstanding
229 days
computed by olivLawFY 2024 · balance sheet at 31 Dec 2024
Days payables outstanding
69 days
computed by olivLawFY 2024 · balance sheet at 31 Dec 2024
Cash conversion cycle
181 days
computed by olivLawFY 2024 · balance sheet at 31 Dec 2024

Market and valuation

Market capitalisation
unavailable
input data missing
Enterprise value
unavailable
input data missing
Market cap / net income TTM
unavailable
input data missing
P/E (TTM)
unavailable
input data missing
Earnings yield
unavailable
input data missing
P/B
unavailable
input data missing
P/S
unavailable
input data missing
EV/EBITDA
unavailable
input data missing
EV/EBIT
unavailable
input data missing
EV/Sales
unavailable
input data missing
P/FCF
unavailable
input data missing
FCF yield
unavailable
input data missing
Dividend yield
unavailable
input data missing
Shareholder yield (distributions)
unavailable
input data missing

1 indicators that do not apply to the sector.

Valuation

olivLaw classification

Insufficient data
What is missing
  • score weight coverage: 35.4% of at least 60%

A scoring methodology on indicators and valuation, not investment advice.

Closing price

12.73 USD

04 Nov 2026Source: olivLaw, closing series

Market cap: unavailable

Price and reporting are in different currencies; market indicators are unavailable.

Key indicators

Market capitalisation
unavailable
input data missing
P/E (TTM)
unavailable
input data missing
P/B
unavailable
input data missing
EV/EBITDA
unavailable
input data missing
ROE
16.6%
computed by olivLawFY 2024 · balance sheet at 31 Dec 2024
Net margin
10.1%
computed by olivLawFY 2024
Revenue growth (YoY)
1.4%
computed by olivLawFY 2024
Dividend yield
unavailable
input data missing

Coverage and freshness

30/37 reporting lines present
Latest full fiscal year: 2024
Latest reported period: 31 Dec 2024
Latest balance sheet date: 31 Dec 2024
Share count (cover of the latest filing), as of: 31 Dec 2025
Source: SEC (XBRL)published 28 Apr 2026
verified 287derived 8

The data is older than the freshness threshold.

Score by group

35% · Insufficient data

Estimated value range

unavailable — no valuation assumptions for the reporting currency

Valuation assumptions are editorial choices, not measured; beta is not measured.

Valuation methods

    Multiple comparisons use the SIC vertical: Cement, Hydraulic (SIC 3241)

    Classification (SIC) comparables group by industry code, not by economic activity; the direct group is an editorial selection by activity. Members' multiples are on their own trailing twelve months, at their own latest close.

    Assumptions (illustrative, editorial)

    Risk-free rate
    6.5%
    Equity risk premium
    6.0%
    Beta (default)
    1.00
    Cost of equity
    12.5%
    Terminal growth
    3.0%

    Factor scorecard

    Insufficient data

    Minimum-evidence gate: score weight coverage: 35.4% of at least 60%

    FactorValueScoreWeight used
    ROIC · Qualityunavailableunavailable—
    Net margin · Quality10.1%40 (vs peers)18%
    FCF conversion · Quality129.1%100 (on a fixed band)18%
    Revenue CAGR 3Y · Growthunavailableunavailable—
    EPS CAGR 3Y · Growth8.5%57 (on a fixed band)24%
    Net debt / EBITDA · Balance sheetunavailableunavailable—
    Interest coverage · Balance sheet3.9x37 (on a fixed band)18%
    Current ratio · Balance sheet1.3x41 (on a fixed band)12%
    P/E (TTM) · Valuationunavailableunavailable—
    EV/EBITDA · Valuationunavailableunavailable—
    FCF yield · Valuationunavailableunavailable—
    Shareholder yield (distributions) · Returnsunavailableunavailable—
    Payout ratio (FCF) · Returns68.2%74 (on a fixed band)12%

    Factors without a value were dropped; the remaining weights were renormalised.

    Score groups

    • Balance sheet39/100 · 2/3 factors with a value
    • Growth· partial57/100 · 1/2 factors with a value
    • Quality70/100 · 2/3 factors with a value
    • Returns· partial74/100 · 1/2 factors with a value
    • Valuation· partialunavailable · 0/3 factors with a value

    A «partial» group is computed from under half of its weight or from one factor: it is not a full assessment of the group.

    Memo

    Holcim Ltd (CPAC). Latest full fiscal year: 2024; data up to 2024-12-31.

    Figures computed from the financial statements: revenue 2.0 bn PEN in 2024; YoY growth 1.4%; net margin 10.1%; ROE 16.6%.

    The estimated value range is 6.05–6.88 PEN per share (median of 2 methods, agreement: low); assumptions are illustrative. The range is the median of the methods' low, central and high values, not a probability interval.

    Insufficient data for a verdict (score weight coverage: 35.4% of at least 60%).

    Text generated deterministically from the figures shown; no language model. Not investment advice.

    What supports the thesis

    • FCF conversion: 129.1%
    • Payout ratio (FCF): 68.2%

    What contradicts it

    • The valuation methods diverge

    Not assessed (insufficient data or a ratio without meaning): ROIC, Revenue CAGR 3Y, Net debt / EBITDA, P/E (TTM), EV/EBITDA, FCF yield, Shareholder yield (distributions).

    Versus the vertical median

    Cement, Hydraulic (SIC 3241) · same industry (4-digit SIC) · compared with 5 companies

    Multiples and returns vs the median

    P/E
    —
    vertical median 19.0x
    EV/EBITDA
    —
    vertical median 10.5x
    P/S
    —
    vertical median 2.2x
    P/B
    —
    vertical median 3.3x
    ROE
    16.6%
    vertical median 14.8%
    above median (+11.7%)
    Net margin
    10.1%
    vertical median 10.2%
    at median
    EBIT margin
    19.8%
    vertical median 13.7%
    above median (+44.1%)
    Revenue YoY
    1.4%
    vertical median 0.9%
    above median (+51.4%)
    Net debt/EBITDA
    —
    vertical median 1.8x
    Dividend yield
    —
    vertical median 0.5%

    Price rebased to 100 (monthly, 5 years)

    Companies in the vertical

    Market capP/EROENet marginRevenue YoY1A / 3A
    CXCemex Sab De Cv158.6 bn513.17.8%5.8%−2.1%+1% / +58%
    CRHCRH public limited company65.7 bn18.614.8%9.2%+5.3%−18% / +57%
    AMRZAmrize Ltd23.5 bn19.59.8%10.2%+0.9%−14% / unavailable
    EXPEagle Materials Inc.6.0 bn16.424.5%16.1%+2.1%−11% / +9%
    CPACHolcim Ltd——16.6%10.1%+1.4%+73% / +153%
    LOMALoma Negra Compania Industrialargentina Sociedad Anonima——21.5%22.0%−23.9%−29% / +37%

    1- and 3-year price returns: for CPAC from daily closes (the same as the performance table), for the other companies from month-end closes.

    olivLaw engine forecast

    The world engine ran after the company's latest material disclosure. Probabilities are of TOUCHING a level within the horizon (not closing there) and sit next to the random walk (p_rw), the no-information benchmark.

    The engine has no published run for this company yet.

    Valuation scenarios (editable assumptions)

    Illustrative scenarios

    Scenarios are not available. input data missing

    AI analysis

    AI-generatedAI-generated analysis (Claude) from cited public sources; it may contain errors. Not investment advice. As of 27 Oct 2026 · Model: claude-haiku-5-5.

    Possibly outdated: the newest document it read is from 28 Apr 2026; since then the company filed 6-K (04 Nov 2026), 6-K (03 Nov 2026), 6-K (02 Nov 2026), 6-K (30 Oct 2026), 6-K (29 Oct 2026).

    In brief

    Cementos Pacasmayo is the only cement manufacturer in northern Peru, with an installed capacity of about 4.9 million metric tons a year and an estimated 22.4% share of national cement shipments in 2025. The company came under new control in March 2026, when Holcim acquired a 50.01% stake, which raises questions about its future strategy and listing.

    SWOT

    Strengths

    • The company is the only cement manufacturer in northern Peru and has an extensive distribution network of independent retailers.
    • Its brand and customer loyalty are strong, and value-added products support its position.
    • The company holds concessions over several limestone quarries near its plants, which supports control of raw material costs.

    Weaknesses

    • Energy and coal costs are sensitive to international prices, which can reduce margins.
    • Its geographic exposure to northern Peru means revenue depends on the economic conditions of a single region.
    • Margins on third-party construction supplies are much lower than those on cement.

    Opportunities

    • Growth in private construction and infrastructure could offset its dependence on self-construction.
    • Peru's infrastructure and housing deficits support long-term demand for cement.
    • A new majority shareholder could bring capital, expertise and opportunities to optimize operations.

    Threats

    • The entry of domestic or international competitors could reduce market share and profitability.
    • Geopolitical tensions and protectionist trade could affect the Peruvian economy and construction demand.
    • Extortion and insecurity in the north could slow construction projects.

    Risks

    • Dependence on northern economic conditionshigh

      Cement demand relies heavily on residential construction in northern Peru, so a regional slowdown would directly affect results.

    • Change of controlmedium

      Holcim's acquisition could lead to shifts in strategy, management and governance, with uncertain effects on the company.

    • Energy and coal costsmedium

      Energy and coal prices are linked to international markets, and increases could reduce margins.

    • Depreciation of the local currencymedium

      A depreciation of the sol against the dollar could negatively affect results and the company's financing costs.

    • Litigation over transaction-related expenseslow

      Regulatory information requests about certain transaction-related expenses recorded in 2025 could lead to litigation or administrative proceedings.

    Investment thesis

    What would need to be true (bull case)

    • If demand from private construction and infrastructure grows, the company could benefit from higher sales volumes as the only manufacturer in the north.
    • Backing from a majority shareholder with substantial resources could bring investment and operational improvements.
    • Its extensive distribution network and strong brand could support market share even if competition increases.

    What would break the thesis

    • If the northern economy slows, cement demand could fall, and margins could be squeezed by energy costs.
    • The change of control and a possible NYSE delisting could reduce transparency and liquidity for investors.
    • New competitors or insecurity in the region could reduce market share and raise costs.

    What to watch

    • Launch and outcome of the mandatory tender offer for the company's shares2026
    • Holcim's decision on delisting the ADSs from the NYSE and deregistering with the SECafter the offer closes
    • New electricity supply agreement with Orygen Perú starting in June 2026June 2026
    • Development of private construction demand and public investment in the northnext 20-F

    Products, market & competition

    AI-generatedAI-generated analysis (Claude) from cited public sources; it may contain errors. Not investment advice. As of 27 Oct 2026 · Model: claude-haiku-5-5.

    Possibly outdated: the newest document it read is from 28 Apr 2026; since then the company filed 6-K (04 Nov 2026), 6-K (03 Nov 2026), 6-K (02 Nov 2026), 6-K (30 Oct 2026), 6-K (29 Oct 2026).

    The business

    Cementos Pacasmayo S.A.A. is a Peruvian cement company and the only cement manufacturer serving northern Peru, with almost 70 years of operating history. It produces, distributes and sells cement and related materials such as precast products and ready-mix concrete, mainly for construction. It also produces and sells quicklime for mining, though this is a very small part of revenue. Its distribution network included 287 independent retailers and 334 hardware stores as of December 31, 2025, and it also sells third-party construction materials. The company has been listed on the Lima Stock Exchange since 1995 and its ADSs have traded on the NYSE since 2012.

    Segments

    Cement, concrete, mortar and precast

    This is the main segment, covering bagged and bulk cement, ready-mix concrete and precast products. In 2025 about 81.4% of cement sales were in bags, with the rest sold in bulk or as precast and ready-mix to large construction firms. Sales are driven mainly by residential construction, particularly self-construction, which accounted for 73.9% of total cement sales in 2025.

    Quicklime

    The quicklime segment produces and sells lime for use in mining operations. According to the report it represents a very small part of total revenue, but it diversifies production by using the limestone from the company's quarries.

    Third-party construction supplies

    The company also sells and distributes construction supplies made by third parties, such as steel rebar, wires and pipes. Margins on these sales are much lower than on cement, and the company uses them mainly as a service to retailers to support cement sales.

    Market context

    The northern region, where the company sells almost all its cement, accounted for about 32.8% of the country's population and 20.1% of national GDP in 2025. Two other groups sell most of the cement consumed in the central and southern regions, which makes Pacasmayo a dominant local player with a geographically concentrated exposure.

    Trends

    • Growth of formal constructiontailwind

      As the Peruvian economy becomes less informal and private sector confidence grows, private construction and infrastructure could become more important to the company than self-construction.

    • Energy and coal costsheadwind

      Electricity prices are linked to international oil and coal markets. Geopolitical tensions that push energy prices up could reduce the company's margins.

    • Change of control and future strategymixed

      Holcim's acquisition could lead to shifts in strategy, management and governance, while the mandatory tender offer and a possible NYSE delisting are under way.

    • Insecurity and extortion in the northheadwind

      Extortion targeting the construction sector in northern Peru has in some cases led to temporary suspension of projects and higher security and insurance costs.

    Competitive position

    The company faces the possible entry of domestic or international competitors, which could reduce its market share and profitability. It is currently the only cement manufacturer in northern Peru, but competition from other regions and imports can influence prices.

    The main competitors are the groups selling cement in the central and southern regions, and the sources provided do not give a detailed comparison of market shares across the industry. The company differentiates itself through its brand, its extensive distribution network and its control of quarries.

    • Group dominant in central Peru

      A group that sells most of the cement consumed in the central region, according to the company's report.

    • Group dominant in southern Peru

      A group that sells most of the cement consumed in the southern region, according to the company's report.

    • Clinker and cement importers

      Imported clinker accounted for part of production costs, pointing to indirect competition from imports.

    • New entrants in the domestic or international market

      The report mentions the possibility of new competitors entering, which could reduce the company's market share.

    News & filings

    Sources

    1. [1] Form 20-F, fiscal year ended 2025-12-31 · SEC / Cementos Pacasmayo S.A.A. · 28 Apr 2026

    Figures computed by olivLaw from SEC filings and closing prices; the qualitative analysis is AI-generated from cited sources. Not investment advice.