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olivLaw · European equity research

Nokia Oyj NOKIA.HE

Finland · Nasdaq Helsinki · Vertical: Listed companies from Finland

6.85EUR−7.51% · 1 dayClose 05 Nov 2026

Nokia Oyj designs and supplies network infrastructure, cloud and network services, and mobile network and technology products for telecom operators, enterprises and service providers. In fiscal 2025 it kept a large engineering base, with net sales of 19 889 mn EUR and research and development investment of 4 855 mn EUR, as networks shift toward new technologies and sustainability requirements.

At the close of 05 Nov 2026, Nokia Oyj (NOKIA.HE) stock was 6.85 EUR (−7.51% on the day), with market capitalisation 37.1 bn EUR, P/E 57.1 on diluted EPS of 0.12 EUR over the last 12 months, dividend yield 2.04%, beta 1.05, 52-week range 5.13–14.69 EUR.

Data as of · AI analysis dated · Source: ESEF annual reports and closing prices, computed by olivLaw.

Market cap
37.1 bn EUR
shares as of 31 Dec 2025
P/E (TTM)
57.1
Diluted EPS TTM 0.12 · TTM to 31 Dec 2025
E/P (TTM)
1.75%
TTM to 31 Dec 2025
Dividend yield
2.04%
DPS 12m 0.14
Beta (2y)
1.05
Volatility (1y) 55%
52-week range
5.1314.69

Price history

Loading chart…

Technical reading

RSI (14)
30.2
weak (30–45)
Bollinger (20, 2)
6.90 – 9.27
below the lower band · %B -0.02 · band width 29.3%
SMA 50 / 200
8.69 / 8.96
downtrend (price < SMA50 < SMA200)
MACD (12, 26, 9)
-0.41 / -0.33
MACD below signal

Indicators describe past prices; on their own they do not predict direction. On our history the RSI ≤ 40 filter added no return (see the signals methodology).

Performance

CompanyEURO STOXX 50vs EURO STOXX 50Vertical median
1 month−28.7%−0.6%−28.1 pp—
3 months−17.8%−4.2%−13.6 pp—
6 months−35.1%+4.3%−39.4 pp—
Year to date+22.9%+7.5%+15.4 pp—
1 year+15.4%+9.9%+5.5 pp−1.2%
3 years+112.5%+49.8%+62.6 pp+6.8%
5 years+36.5%+42.8%−6.4 pp—
Max drawdown (1y)
−53.4%
03 Jun 2026 → 05 Nov 2026
Max drawdown (5y)
−53.4%
03 Jun 2026 → 05 Nov 2026
Compound annual growth (5y)
+6.4%
EURO STOXX 50 +7.4%

Price returns, dividends excluded.

Quarterly results

ESEF annual reports carry no quarters: the results are annual (below).

E/P over time

E/P = trailing-12-month diluted EPS / price at quarter end. E/P is the inverse of P/E and stays defined when earnings are negative.

Today's P/E sits at the 100 percentile of its own 4-quarter history (min 5.8, median 22.0, max 46.4; quarters with earnings only).

Fiscal years

Fiscal year2022202320242025
Revenue23.8 bn21.1 bn19.2 bn19.9 bn
Revenue YoYunavailable−11.0%−9.1%+3.5%
Net income4.3 bn665.0 m1.3 bn651.0 m
Net income YoYunavailable−84.4%+92.0%−49.0%
Diluted EPS0.750.120.230.12
Diluted EPS YoYunavailable−84.0%+91.7%−47.8%
net %17.9%3.1%6.6%3.3%
Free cash flowunavailableunavailableunavailableunavailable

Balance sheet & financial health

Fiscal year 2025 · 31 Dec 2025

Cash
5.5 bn EUR
Financial debt
2.3 bn EUR
Net debt
-3.1 bn EUR
Equity
21.1 bn EUR
Total assets
37.6 bn EUR
Debt / equity
0.11x
Current ratio
unavailable
ROE
3.1%
ROA
1.7%
FCF margin
unavailable

Financial statements (source on every figure)

Revenue and net income (EUR)

Margins

Income statement · EUR

Revenue
2023
21.1 bn
2024
19.2 bn
2025
19.9 bn

esef· 10 Mar 2026verified

Cost of revenue
2023
12.6 bn
2024
10.4 bn
2025
11.2 bn

esef· 10 Mar 2026verified

Gross profit
2023
8.5 bn
2024
8.9 bn
2025
8.7 bn

esef· 10 Mar 2026verified

Research & development
2023
4.3 bn
2024
4.5 bn
2025
4.9 bn

esef· 10 Mar 2026verified

Operating income
2023
1.7 bn
2024
2.0 bn
2025
885.0 m

esef· 10 Mar 2026verified

Interest expense
2023
579.0 m
2024
320.0 m
2025
246.0 m

esef· 10 Mar 2026verified

Pre-tax income
2023
1.5 bn
2024
2.1 bn
2025
915.0 m

esef· 10 Mar 2026verified

Income tax
2023
820.0 m
2024
380.0 m
2025
277.0 m

esef· 10 Mar 2026verified

Net income
2023
665.0 m
2024
1.3 bn
2025
651.0 m

esef· 10 Mar 2026verified

Diluted EPS
2023
0.12
2024
0.23
2025
0.12

esef· 10 Mar 2026verified

Dividend per share
2023
0.13
2024
0.14
2025
0.14

esef· 10 Mar 2026derived

Balance sheet · EUR

Cash
2023
6.2 bn
2024
6.6 bn
2025
5.5 bn

esef· 10 Mar 2026verified

Receivables
2023
4.9 bn
2024
5.2 bn
2025
5.0 bn

esef· 10 Mar 2026verified

Inventories
2023
2.7 bn
2024
2.2 bn
2025
2.2 bn

esef· 10 Mar 2026verified

Property, plant & equipment, net
2023
2.0 bn
2024
1.4 bn
2025
1.6 bn

esef· 10 Mar 2026verified

Goodwill
2023
5.5 bn
2024
5.7 bn
2025
6.0 bn

esef· 10 Mar 2026verified

Intangibles (excl. goodwill)
2023
1.1 bn
2024
802.0 m
2025
1.4 bn

esef· 10 Mar 2026verified

Total assets
2023
39.9 bn
2024
39.1 bn
2025
37.6 bn

esef· 10 Mar 2026verified

Accounts payable
2023
3.4 bn
2024
3.2 bn
2025
3.0 bn

esef· 10 Mar 2026verified

Long-term debt
2023
3.6 bn
2024
2.9 bn
2025
2.3 bn

esef· 10 Mar 2026verified

Current liabilities
2023
10.9 bn
2024
11.4 bn
2025
10.0 bn

esef· 10 Mar 2026verified

Total liabilities
2023
19.2 bn
2024
18.4 bn
2025
16.5 bn

esef· 10 Mar 2026verified

Equity
2023
20.6 bn
2024
20.7 bn
2025
21.1 bn

esef· 10 Mar 2026verified

Shares outstanding at year end
2023
5.5 bn
2024
5.6 bn
2025
5.4 bn

esef· 10 Mar 2026derived

Cash flow · EUR

Operating cash flow
2023
1.3 bn
2024
2.5 bn
2025
2.1 bn

esef· 10 Mar 2026verified

Investing cash flow
2023
1.0 bn
2024
-117.0 m
2025
-1.4 bn

esef· 10 Mar 2026verified

Financing cash flow
2023
-1.5 bn
2024
-2.0 bn
2025
-1.6 bn

esef· 10 Mar 2026verified

Dividends paid
2023
621.0 m
2024
723.0 m
2025
759.0 m

esef· 10 Mar 2026verified

Share repurchases
2023
300.0 m
2024
680.0 m
2025
624.0 m

esef· 10 Mar 2026verified

Computed indicators

Growth

Revenue growth (YoY)
3.5%
computed by olivLawFY 2025
Revenue CAGR 3Y
-5.8%
computed by olivLawFY 2022 → FY 2025
Revenue CAGR 5Y
unavailable
input data missing
EBIT growth (YoY)
-55.1%
computed by olivLawFY 2025
Net income growth (YoY)
-49.0%
computed by olivLawFY 2025
Net income CAGR 3Y
-46.5%
computed by olivLawFY 2022 → FY 2025
Net income CAGR 5Y
unavailable
input data missing
EPS growth (YoY)
-47.8%
computed by olivLawFY 2025
EPS CAGR 3Y
-45.7%
computed by olivLawFY 2022 → FY 2025
EPS CAGR 5Y
unavailable
input data missing
FCF growth (YoY)
unavailable
input data missing

Profitability

Gross margin
43.5%
computed by olivLawFY 2025
EBITDA margin
unavailable
input data missing
EBIT margin
4.4%
computed by olivLawFY 2025
Net margin
3.3%
computed by olivLawFY 2025
FCF margin
unavailable
input data missing

Returns

ROE
3.1%
computed by olivLawFY 2025 · balance sheet at 31 Dec 2025
ROA
1.7%
computed by olivLawFY 2025 · balance sheet at 31 Dec 2025
ROIC
3.5%
computed by olivLawFY 2025 · balance sheet at 31 Dec 2025
ROCE
3.2%
computed by olivLawFY 2025 · balance sheet at 31 Dec 2025
Payout ratio (EPS)
116.6%
computed by olivLawFY 2025
Payout ratio (FCF)
unavailable
input data missing

Balance sheet

Net debt
-3.1 bn EUR
computed by olivLawbalance sheet at 31 Dec 2025
Net debt / EBITDA
unavailable
input data missing
Debt / equity
0.1x
computed by olivLawbalance sheet at 31 Dec 2025
Interest coverage
3.6x
computed by olivLawFY 2025

Liquidity

Current ratio
unavailable
input data missing
Quick ratio
unavailable
input data missing
Cash ratio
0.5x
computed by olivLawbalance sheet at 31 Dec 2025

Cash

Operating cash flow
2.1 bn EUR
computed by olivLawFY 2025
Capital expenditure
unavailable
input data missing
Free cash flow
unavailable
input data missing
FCF conversion
unavailable
input data missing
Cash conversion
unavailable
input data missing

Efficiency

Days sales outstanding
94 days
computed by olivLawFY 2025 · balance sheet at 31 Dec 2025
Days inventory outstanding
71 days
computed by olivLawFY 2025 · balance sheet at 31 Dec 2025
Days payables outstanding
101 days
computed by olivLawFY 2025 · balance sheet at 31 Dec 2025
Cash conversion cycle
64 days
computed by olivLawFY 2025 · balance sheet at 31 Dec 2025

Market and valuation

Market capitalisation
37.1 bn EUR
computed by olivLawbalance sheet at 31 Dec 2025
Enterprise value
34.0 bn EUR
computed by olivLawbalance sheet at 31 Dec 2025
Market cap / net income TTM
57.1x
computed by olivLawFY 2025
P/E (TTM)
57.1x
computed by olivLawFY 2025
Earnings yield
1.8%
computed by olivLawFY 2025
P/B
1.8x
computed by olivLawbalance sheet at 31 Dec 2025
P/S
1.9x
computed by olivLawFY 2025 · balance sheet at 31 Dec 2025
EV/EBITDA
unavailable
input data missing
EV/EBIT
38.4x
computed by olivLawFY 2025 · balance sheet at 31 Dec 2025
EV/Sales
1.7x
computed by olivLawFY 2025 · balance sheet at 31 Dec 2025
P/FCF
unavailable
input data missing
FCF yield
unavailable
input data missing
Dividend yield
2.0%
computed by olivLawFY 2025
Shareholder yield (distributions)
3.7%
computed by olivLawFY 2025 · balance sheet at 31 Dec 2025

1 indicators that do not apply to the sector.

Valuation

olivLaw classification

Insufficient data
What is missing
  • score weight coverage: 56.2% of at least 60%

A scoring methodology on indicators and valuation, not investment advice.

Closing price

6.85 EUR

05 Nov 2026Source: olivLaw, closing series

Market cap: 37.1 bn EUR

Key indicators

Market capitalisation
37.1 bn EUR
computed by olivLawbalance sheet at 31 Dec 2025
P/E (TTM)
57.1x
computed by olivLawFY 2025
P/B
1.8x
computed by olivLawbalance sheet at 31 Dec 2025
EV/EBITDA
unavailable
input data missing
ROE
3.1%
computed by olivLawFY 2025 · balance sheet at 31 Dec 2025
Net margin
3.3%
computed by olivLawFY 2025
Revenue growth (YoY)
3.5%
computed by olivLawFY 2025
Dividend yield
2.0%
computed by olivLawFY 2025

Coverage and freshness

29/37 reporting lines present
Latest full fiscal year: 2025
Latest reported period: 31 Dec 2025
Latest balance sheet date: 31 Dec 2025
Share count (cover of the latest filing), as of: 31 Dec 2025
Source: esefpublished 10 Mar 2026
verified 113derived 5

Score by group

56% · Insufficient data

Estimated value range

Low
1.45
EUR per share
Mid
1.76
EUR per share
High
2.41
EUR per share
Price: 6.85 EUR
The price is above the range
Potential to the central value: -74.2% (value / price − 1)
Margin of safety: -288.2% (1 − price / value)
Agreement between methods: high · 2 methods used · 2 independent bases

The combined range = the median of the valid methods' low, central and high values; it is not a probability interval and does not cover every result. Envelope of all methods: 0.99 – 2.59 EUR.

Valuation assumptions are editorial choices, not measured; beta is not measured.

Method ranges (EUR per share)

— — Mid · ▏ Price

Valuation methods

  • DCF (discounted cash flow)unavailable · input data missing
  • Peers: EV/EBITDAunavailable · input data missing
  • Peers: P/E0.99 – 2.22 (Mid 1.33)
    23 companies used · median multiple 11.1x · quartiles 8.2x – 18.5x
    ALMA.HE, APETIT.HE, ASPO.HE, ATRAV.HE, BIOBV.HE, CAPMAN.HE, CONSTI.HE, DIGIA.HE, ELEAV.HE, ELISA.HE, ENENTO.HE, ETTE.HE, FORTUM.HE, FSECURE.HE, GLA1V.HE, GRK.HE, HARVIA.HE, ICP1V.HE, ILKKA.HE, INVEST.HE, KALMAR.HE, KAMUX.HE, KCR.HE
  • Dividend discount (DDM)1.90 – 2.59 (Mid 2.20)

Assumptions (illustrative, editorial)

Risk-free rate
3.0%
Equity risk premium
5.5%
Beta (default)
1.00
Cost of equity
8.5%
Terminal growth
2.0%

Factor scorecard

Insufficient data

Minimum-evidence gate: score weight coverage: 56.2% of at least 60%

FactorValueScoreWeight used
ROIC · Quality3.5%24 (vs peers)19%
Net margin · Quality3.3%51 (vs peers)11%
FCF conversion · Qualityunavailableunavailable—
Revenue CAGR 3Y · Growth-5.8%0 (on a fixed band)15%
EPS CAGR 3Y · Growth-45.7%0 (on a fixed band)15%
Net debt / EBITDA · Balance sheetunavailableunavailable—
Interest coverage · Balance sheet3.6x32 (on a fixed band)11%
Current ratio · Balance sheetunavailableunavailable—
P/E (TTM) · Valuation57.1x11 (vs peers)19%
EV/EBITDA · Valuationunavailableunavailable—
FCF yield · Valuationunavailableunavailable—
Shareholder yield (distributions) · Returns3.7%53 (on a fixed band)11%
Payout ratio (FCF) · Returnsunavailableunavailable—

Factors without a value were dropped; the remaining weights were renormalised.

Score groups

  • Balance sheet· partial32/100 · 1/3 factors with a value
  • Growth0/100 · 2/2 factors with a value
  • Quality34/100 · 2/3 factors with a value
  • Returns· partial53/100 · 1/2 factors with a value
  • Valuation· partial11/100 · 1/3 factors with a value

A «partial» group is computed from under half of its weight or from one factor: it is not a full assessment of the group.

Memo

Nokia Oyj (NOKIA.HE). Latest full fiscal year: 2025; data up to 2025-12-31.

Figures computed from the financial statements: revenue 19.9 bn EUR in 2025; YoY growth 3.5%; net margin 3.3%; ROE 3.1%.

The estimated value range is 1.45–2.41 EUR per share (median of 2 methods, agreement: high); assumptions are illustrative. Against the central value of 1.76 EUR, the price of 6.85 EUR leaves a potential of -74.2% (value / price − 1) and a margin of safety of -288.2% (1 − price / value). The range is the median of the methods' low, central and high values, not a probability interval.

Insufficient data for a verdict (score weight coverage: 56.2% of at least 60%).

Text generated deterministically from the figures shown; no language model. Not investment advice.

What supports the thesis

No signal among the computed factors. That is not an absence of risk: factors without data were not assessed, and business risks (margins, inventory, demand) are in the source-based analysis.

What contradicts it

  • ROIC: 3.5%
  • Revenue CAGR 3Y: -5.8%
  • EPS CAGR 3Y: -45.7%
  • P/E (TTM): 57.0x
  • The price is above the estimated value range

Not assessed (insufficient data or a ratio without meaning): FCF conversion, Net debt / EBITDA, Current ratio, EV/EBITDA, FCF yield, Payout ratio (FCF).

Versus the vertical median

Listed companies from Finland · same country · compared with 39 companies

Multiples and returns vs the median

P/E
57.1x
vertical median 15.5x
above median (+267.9%)
EV/EBITDA
—
vertical median 6.3x
P/S
1.9x
vertical median 0.5x
above median (+287.7%)
P/B
1.8x
vertical median 1.4x
above median (+23.9%)
ROE
3.1%
vertical median 7.5%
below median (−58.4%)
Net margin
3.3%
vertical median 2.9%
above median (+11.9%)
EBIT margin
4.4%
vertical median 4.9%
below median (−10.0%)
Revenue YoY
3.5%
vertical median 1.2%
above median (+186.5%)
Net debt/EBITDA
—
vertical median -0.1x
Dividend yield
2.0%
vertical median 4.0%
below median (−48.3%)

Price rebased to 100 (monthly, 5 years)

Companies in the vertical

Market capP/EROENet marginRevenue YoY1A / 3A
NOKIA.HENokia Oyj37.1 bn57.13.1%3.3%+3.5%+31% / +113%
FORTUM.HEFortum Oyj20.8 bn27.28.7%15.3%−14.0%+32% / +81%
ELISA.HEElisa Oyj5.6 bn16.327.0%15.2%+3.0%−8% / −15%
KALMAR.HEKalmar Oyj2.4 bn14.724.1%9.4%+1.2%+0% / unavailable
KCR.HEKonecranes Oyj2.2 bn5.620.3%9.5%−0.9%−4% / +134%
EXEL.HEExel Composites Oyj1.8 bn—-18.5%-5.3%+3.6%+163% / +74%
BITTI.HEBittium Oyj1.2 bn55.817.5%17.9%+40.1%+73% / +603%
ALMA.HEAlma Media Oyj1.2 bn21.223.0%16.9%+4.6%+9% / +57%
FIA1S.HEFinnair Oyj927.4 m50.42.9%0.6%+1.9%+54% / +22%
GRK.HEGRK Infra Oyj788.5 m18.327.8%4.9%+19.7%+52% / unavailable
HARVIA.HEHarvia Oyj768.7 m29.321.0%13.3%+13.5%−1% / +64%
ATRAV.HEAtria Oyj451.7 m11.19.8%2.2%+3.3%+13% / +57%
ANORA.HEAnora Group Oyj317.6 m57.81.4%0.8%−4.9%+26% / +11%
CAPMAN.HECapMan Oyj300.2 m23.16.8%20.9%+9.4%−8% / −20%
ICP1V.HEIncap Oyj261.0 m18.710.4%6.5%−6.7%−3% / +37%
FSECURE.HEF-Secure Oyj243.7 m10.943.4%15.3%−0.4%−17% / −23%
ASPO.HEAspo Oyj219.4 m9.315.4%5.0%+2.1%+2% / +9%
ETTE.HEEtteplan Oyj173.7 m16.48.8%2.9%+0.1%−27% / −51%
DIGIA.HEDigia Oyj131.6 m10.514.5%5.9%+5.5%−16% / −12%
ILKKA.HEIlkka Oyj93.8 m8.16.2%30.8%+22.6%+0% / +21%
CONSTI.HEConsti Oyj77.4 m11.615.3%2.0%+2.9%−8% / −6%
APETIT.HEApetit Oyj75.6 m8.48.2%5.4%+3.1%−14% / −3%
ESENSE.HEEnersense International Oyj74.9 m74.73.1%0.4%−27.7%+12% / +9%
CTH1V.HEComponenta Oyj66.1 m324.00.8%0.2%−4.6%+49% / +182%
KAMUX.HEKamux Oyj47.4 m10.34.2%0.5%+0.8%−40% / −77%

1- and 3-year price returns: for NOKIA.HE from daily closes (the same as the performance table), for the other companies from month-end closes.

olivLaw engine forecast

The world engine ran after the company's latest material disclosure. Probabilities are of TOUCHING a level within the horizon (not closing there) and sit next to the random walk (p_rw), the no-information benchmark.

The engine has no published run for this company yet.

Valuation scenarios (editable assumptions)

Illustrative scenarios

Illustrative: not forecasts and without probabilities. Each case is one coherent set of assumptions, computed on today's figures.

Bear
Allowed range: -50 … 50%
Allowed range: -100 … 100%
Allowed range: 0 … 100
Allowed range: -10 … 20%
Allowed range: 0 … 100%
Base
Allowed range: -50 … 50%
Allowed range: -100 … 100%
Allowed range: 0 … 100
Allowed range: -10 … 20%
Allowed range: 0 … 100%
Bull
Allowed range: -50 … 50%
Allowed range: -100 … 100%
Allowed range: 0 … 100
Allowed range: -10 … 20%
Allowed range: 0 … 100%
Nothing is saved.

Estimated price (EUR)

Estimated priceBearBaseBull
1 years
3.66
Total return -45% · Per year -45%
6.50
Total return -3% · Per year -3%
9.84
Total return 46% · Per year 46%
3 years
2.91
Total return -54% · Per year -23%
5.87
Total return -10% · Per year -3%
9.84
Total return 50% · Per year 14%
5 years
2.31
Total return -61% · Per year -17%
5.30
Total return -15% · Per year -3%
9.84
Total return 54% · Per year 9%
What moves the 3-year price the most
  • Exit P/E± 1.47
  • Net margin± 1.03
  • Annual revenue growth± 0.93
  • Annual dilution± 0.09

AI analysis

AI-generatedAI-generated analysis (Claude) from cited public sources; it may contain errors. Not investment advice. As of 27 Oct 2026 · Model: claude-haiku-5-5.

In brief

Nokia Oyj designs and supplies network infrastructure, cloud and network services, and mobile network and technology products for telecom operators, enterprises and service providers. In fiscal 2025 it kept a large engineering base, with net sales of 19 889 mn EUR 1 and research and development investment of 4 855 mn EUR 1, as networks shift toward new technologies and sustainability requirements.

SWOT

Strengths

  • Broad portfolio of network technologies, from fixed networks to mobile systems and cloud software, enabling an integrated customer offering.
  • Strong research and development capacity, supported by a patent portfolio managed by a dedicated group.
  • Long-standing relationships with telecom operators and with customers in defence and critical infrastructure.

Weaknesses

  • Dependence on operator investment can make revenue sensitive to industry capital cycles.
  • The reorganisation into two segments from 2026 may create transition periods for operational structure and reporting.
  • Exposure to different geographic markets adds regulatory and compliance complexity.

Opportunities

  • The move toward autonomous networks and automated software could open new revenue in cloud and network services.
  • Demand for sustainable and energy-efficient solutions could favour low-consumption products with clear climate targets.
  • Monetising patents through licensing could generate additional revenue from existing technology.

Threats

  • Geopolitical tensions could limit access to certain markets or disrupt supply chains.
  • Competitors with lower costs could reduce margins in some product segments.
  • Changes in reporting and compliance regulation could raise administrative costs.

Risks

  • Dependence on operator budgetshigh

    If operators reduce or delay network investment, demand for equipment and software could fall significantly.

  • Geopolitical riskshigh

    Geopolitical change could affect market access, export licences and the continuity of component supply.

  • Price competitionmedium

    Pressure from lower-cost suppliers could weigh on margins, particularly in mobile network segments.

  • Sustainability regulationmedium

    Changing sustainability reporting requirements may call for additional systems and controls, with administrative cost.

  • Organisational transitionlow

    The move to two segments from 2026 may create execution and internal process continuity risks.

Investment thesis

What would need to be true (bull case)

  • If investment in autonomous networks accelerates, the company could benefit from its existing software and network portfolio.
  • The research base and patent portfolio could support new licences and products in next-generation technologies.
  • Relationships with the defence sector and critical infrastructure could provide a steadier source of demand.

What would break the thesis

  • If operators postpone investment, revenue could remain under pressure in the near term.
  • Geopolitical tensions could restrict access to important markets or raise costs.
  • Competitors with lower prices could limit the company's ability to maintain margins.

What to watch

  • Results for the first quarter after the reorganisation into two segmentsQ1 2026
  • Development of revenue in network infrastructure and cloud2026
  • Progress toward the 2030 emissions reduction targetnext annual report
  • Any regulatory changes on sustainability reporting and internal controlsnext 10-K

Products, market & competition

AI-generatedAI-generated analysis (Claude) from cited public sources; it may contain errors. Not investment advice. As of 27 Oct 2026 · Model: claude-haiku-5-5.

The business

According to the 2025 annual report, Nokia organises its business into four business groups: network infrastructure, cloud and network services, mobile networks and technology 1. The network infrastructure group delivers fixed networks, IP routing and optical transport networks to communication providers, enterprises and internet operators 1. The mobile networks group develops products across all 3GPP generations for operators and mission-critical customers, including the defence industry 1.

The cloud and network services group offers open, secure, automated software intended to speed customers' move toward autonomous networks 1. The technology group manages the company's patent portfolio and commercialises intellectual property rights 1. From November 2025 the company announced a two-segment operating model effective 1 January 2026, combining network infrastructure and mobile infrastructure 1.

Sustainability is built into product and operating strategy, with four impact areas including carbon emission reduction and the circular economy 1. The report mentions a net-zero target for 2040 and a 50% greenhouse gas reduction target by 2030 1.

Segments

Network infrastructure

The segment supplies fixed networks, IP routing and optical transport networks for communication operators, enterprises and internet providers, where reliability and capacity are key criteria 1.

Mobile networks

This group develops equipment and services for all 3GPP generations, including technologies that enable the transition to next-generation systems, and serves operators, critical enterprises and the defence industry 1.

Cloud and network services

The group provides automated, scalable software supporting autonomous networks, a direction the company regards as relevant to its customers 1.

Market context

The telecom network equipment market is dominated by a few large suppliers, and demand depends on operators' investment in mobile networks, fibre and software systems. The annual report shows that the mobile networks group also serves the defence sector, adding a demand source distinct from the civil market 1.

Research and development spending, operator capital expenditure and customer sustainability requirements shape the segment. The company reports that annual net sales and innovation investment are central to its market position 1.

Trends

  • Shift toward autonomous networkstailwind

    If operators move to automated networks and scalable software on the timetable they have indicated, demand for the company's cloud and network services could increase 1.

  • Sustainability requirementstailwind

    Pressure on emissions and sustainability reporting could favour suppliers with clear climate targets, such as those tied to emissions metrics in management incentives 1.

  • Geopolitical tensions and supply chainsheadwind

    The company notes its exposure to geopolitical and regulatory change, which could affect costs and access to markets or components 1.

  • Sustainability reporting regulationmixed

    Changes in reporting rules may require adjustments to internal controls and reporting processes, adding administrative effort while increasing transparency 1.

Competitive position

Nokia competes with other global suppliers of network equipment and telecom software, particularly in mobile networks and transport. The annual report does not name competitors, so the list below reflects well-known market players from external knowledge rather than the source document.

Competitive strengths supported by the source include the patent portfolio, research capacity and relationships with operators and the defence sector 1. Competitive pressure could increase if buyers choose lower-cost suppliers or faster software integration.

  • EricssonERIC

    Global supplier of mobile network equipment and software, a direct competitor in the mobile networks segment.

  • Huawei

    Major telecom equipment supplier active in similar markets, not listed on US exchanges.

  • ZTE

    Chinese network equipment maker present in mobile and transport segments, not listed in the US.

  • Cisco SystemsCSCO

    Competitor in IP routing and network solutions for enterprises and service providers.

News & filings

In the press

Annual reports (ESEF)

Sources

  1. [1] Annual report, fiscal year ended 2025-12-31 (ESEF) · SEC / Nokia Oyj · 31 Dec 2025

Figures computed by olivLaw from ESEF annual reports and closing prices; the qualitative analysis is AI-generated from cited sources. Not investment advice.