Coupled systems fail by chains, not by components.
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The more tightly coupled systems are (financial, energy, logistics), the more a single component's failure triggers neighbours' — often less redundant than it looks. Lehman 2008, Suez 2021 (Ever Given), AWS 2021 — all cascade examples. olivLaw tracks cross-sector dependencies to spot pre-emptively where coupling is tight enough to propagate shocks.