Methodology

Monte Carlo simulation

Model uncertainty as probability distributions, not as single scenarios.

Purpose

Replaces point forecasts ("GDP will grow 2.3%") with distributions ("GDP between 1.4% and 3.1% with 80% confidence"), making uncertainty and assumption-sensitivity explicit.

Body

Named after the Monaco casino, Monte Carlo simulates thousands of possible evolutions by repeatedly sampling from input distributions. The output is not a number but a distribution — percentiles, VaR, expected shortfall. olivLaw uses Monte Carlo in Company VUCA (cash-flow projections) and GTM (product launches) with 10,000+ simulations per scenario.

Core concepts

  • Probabilistic scenarios
  • Uncertainty ranges
  • Sensitivity analysis
  • Scenario weighting
  • Convergence (law of large numbers)

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