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olivLaw · US equity research

Novartis AG NVS

Pharmaceutical Preparations · SIC 2834 · Vertical: Pharmaceutical Preparations (SIC 2834)

164.98USD+3.59% · 1 dayClose 04 Nov 2026

Novartis is an innovative pharmaceutical company focused on cardiovascular, renal and metabolic, immunology, neuroscience and oncology. In 2025 net sales from continuing operations grew 8%, driven by newer medicines such as Kisqali and Kesimpta, amid pricing pressure and trade tensions. The US is a major share of revenue, with sales of USD 23.3 billion, against total net sales of USD 54.5 billion.

The AI analysis may be outdated: new filings came after its sources (see the «AI analysis» section).

At the close of 04 Nov 2026, Novartis AG (NVS) stock was 164.98 USD (+3.59% on the day), with market capitalisation 314.8 bn USD, P/E 23.1 on diluted EPS of 7.15 USD over the last 12 months, beta 0.25, 52-week range 124.36–168.62 USD.

Data as of · AI analysis dated · Source: SEC filings and closing prices, computed by olivLaw.

Market cap
314.8 bn USD
shares as of 31 Dec 2025
P/E (TTM)
23.1
Diluted EPS TTM 7.15 · TTM to 31 Dec 2025
E/P (TTM)
4.33%
TTM to 31 Dec 2025
Dividend yield
unavailable
Beta (2y)
0.25
Volatility (1y) 28%
52-week range
124.36168.62

Price history

Loading chart…

Technical reading

RSI (14)
70.5
overbought (≥ 70)
Bollinger (20, 2)
139.92 – 166.14
in the upper half of the band · %B 0.96 · band width 17.1%
SMA 50 / 200
148.58 / 152.08
mixed trend
MACD (12, 26, 9)
4.28 / 3.14
MACD above signal

Indicators describe past prices; on their own they do not predict direction. On our history the RSI ≤ 40 filter added no return (see the signals methodology).

Performance

CompanyS&P 500vs S&P 500Vertical median
1 month+17.1%−1.1%+18.2 pp—
3 months+6.8%−0.5%+7.3 pp—
6 months+11.2%+4.4%+6.8 pp—
Year to date+19.7%+12.3%+7.3 pp—
1 year+32.0%+13.5%+18.4 pp−9.2%
3 years+77.9%+76.4%+1.4 pp+50.7%
5 years+97.2%+63.7%+33.6 pp—
Max drawdown (1y)
−18.7%
27 Feb 2026 → 11 Sept 2026
Max drawdown (5y)
−20.4%
11 Apr 2022 → 26 Sept 2022
Compound annual growth (5y)
+14.5%
S&P 500 +10.4%

Price returns, dividends excluded.

Quarterly results

ESEF annual reports carry no quarters: the results are annual (below).

E/P over time

E/P = trailing-12-month diluted EPS / price at quarter end. E/P is the inverse of P/E and stays defined when earnings are negative.

Today's P/E sits at the 60 percentile of its own 10-quarter history (min 8.2, median 19.0, max 28.6; quarters with earnings only).

Fiscal years

Fiscal year20182019202020212022202320242025
Revenueunavailableunavailableunavailableunavailableunavailableunavailableunavailableunavailable
Revenue YoYunavailableunavailableunavailableunavailableunavailableunavailableunavailableunavailable
Net income12.6 bn11.7 bn8.1 bn24.0 bn7.0 bn14.9 bn11.9 bn14.0 bn
Net income YoY+63.7%−7.0%−31.2%+197.6%−71.0%+113.5%−19.6%+17.1%
Diluted EPS5.385.063.5210.633.177.105.877.15
Diluted EPS YoY+65.5%−5.9%−30.4%+202.0%−70.2%+124.0%−17.3%+21.8%
net %unavailableunavailableunavailableunavailableunavailableunavailableunavailableunavailable
Free cash flow13.0 bn12.2 bn12.4 bn14.0 bn13.3 bn13.4 bn16.3 bn17.6 bn

Reported results vs expectations

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Balance sheet & financial health

Fiscal year 2025 · 31 Dec 2025

Cash
11.4 bn USD
Financial debt
682.0 m USD
Net debt
-10.8 bn USD
Equity
46.5 bn USD
Total assets
110.9 bn USD
Debt / equity
0.01x
Current ratio
1.12x
ROE
30.8%
ROA
13.1%
FCF margin
unavailable

Financial statements (source on every figure)

Revenue and net income (USD)

Income statement · USD

Cost of revenue
2023
12.5 bn
2024
12.8 bn
2025
13.7 bn

SEC (XBRL)· 04 Feb 2026verified

Gross profit
2023
34.2 bn
2024
38.9 bn
2025
43.0 bn

SEC (XBRL)· 04 Feb 2026verified

Research & development
2023
11.4 bn
2024
10.0 bn
2025
11.2 bn

SEC (XBRL)· 04 Feb 2026verified

Operating income
2023
9.8 bn
2024
14.5 bn
2025
17.6 bn

SEC (XBRL)· 04 Feb 2026verified

Pre-tax income
2023
9.1 bn
2024
13.6 bn
2025
16.4 bn

SEC (XBRL)· 04 Feb 2026verified

Income tax
2023
551.0 m
2024
1.7 bn
2025
2.4 bn

SEC (XBRL)· 04 Feb 2026verified

Net income
2023
14.9 bn
2024
11.9 bn
2025
14.0 bn

SEC (XBRL)· 04 Feb 2026verified

Diluted EPS
2023
7.10
2024
5.87
2025
7.15

SEC (XBRL)· 04 Feb 2026verified

Weighted average diluted shares
2023
2.1 bn
2024
2.0 bn
2025
2.0 bn

SEC (XBRL)· 04 Feb 2026verified

Balance sheet · USD

Cash
2023
13.4 bn
2024
11.5 bn
2025
11.4 bn

SEC (XBRL)· 04 Feb 2026verified

Inventories
2023
5.9 bn
2024
5.7 bn
2025
6.3 bn

SEC (XBRL)· 04 Feb 2026verified

Current assets
2023
30.5 bn
2024
29.7 bn
2025
30.5 bn

SEC (XBRL)· 04 Feb 2026verified

Property, plant & equipment, net
2023
9.5 bn
2024
9.5 bn
2025
10.8 bn

SEC (XBRL)· 04 Feb 2026verified

Goodwill
2023
23.3 bn
2024
24.8 bn
2025
25.6 bn

SEC (XBRL)· 04 Feb 2026verified

Intangibles (excl. goodwill)
2023
26.9 bn
2024
26.9 bn
2025
29.4 bn

SEC (XBRL)· 04 Feb 2026verified

Total assets
2023
99.9 bn
2024
102.2 bn
2025
110.9 bn

SEC (XBRL)· 04 Feb 2026verified

Short-term debt
2023
624.0 m
2024
642.0 m
2025
682.0 m

SEC (XBRL)· 04 Feb 2026verified

Current liabilities
2023
26.4 bn
2024
28.7 bn
2025
27.3 bn

SEC (XBRL)· 04 Feb 2026verified

Total liabilities
2023
53.2 bn
2024
58.1 bn
2025
64.4 bn

SEC (XBRL)· 04 Feb 2026verified

Equity
2023
46.8 bn
2024
44.1 bn
2025
46.5 bn

SEC (XBRL)· 04 Feb 2026verified

Shares outstanding at year end
2023
2.0 bn
2024
2.0 bn
2025
1.9 bn

SEC (XBRL)· 04 Feb 2026verified

Cash flow · USD

Operating cash flow
2023
14.5 bn
2024
17.6 bn
2025
19.1 bn

SEC (XBRL)· 04 Feb 2026verified

Capex
2023
1.1 bn
2024
1.4 bn
2025
1.5 bn

SEC (XBRL)· 04 Feb 2026verified

Free cash flow
2023
13.4 bn ≈
2024
16.3 bn ≈
2025
17.6 bn ≈

SEC (XBRL)· 04 Feb 2026derived

Investing cash flow
2023
5.6 bn
2024
-7.5 bn
2025
-4.9 bn

SEC (XBRL)· 04 Feb 2026verified

Financing cash flow
2023
-14.3 bn
2024
-11.7 bn
2025
-14.9 bn

SEC (XBRL)· 04 Feb 2026verified

Share repurchases
2023
8.7 bn
2024
8.3 bn
2025
9.2 bn

SEC (XBRL)· 04 Feb 2026verified

Computed indicators

Growth

Revenue growth (YoY)
unavailable
input data missing
Revenue CAGR 3Y
unavailable
input data missing
Revenue CAGR 5Y
unavailable
input data missing
EBIT growth (YoY)
21.3%
computed by olivLawFY 2025
Net income growth (YoY)
17.1%
computed by olivLawFY 2025
Net income CAGR 3Y
26.2%
computed by olivLawFY 2022 → FY 2025
Net income CAGR 5Y
11.6%
computed by olivLawFY 2020 → FY 2025
EPS growth (YoY)
21.8%
computed by olivLawFY 2025
EPS CAGR 3Y
31.1%
computed by olivLawFY 2022 → FY 2025
EPS CAGR 5Y
15.2%
computed by olivLawFY 2020 → FY 2025
FCF growth (YoY)
8.3%
computed by olivLawFY 2025

Profitability

Gross margin
unavailable
input data missing
EBITDA margin
unavailable
input data missing
EBIT margin
unavailable
input data missing
Net margin
unavailable
input data missing
FCF margin
unavailable
input data missing

Returns

ROE
31.0%
computed by olivLawFY 2025 · balance sheet at 31 Dec 2025
ROA
13.1%
computed by olivLawFY 2025 · balance sheet at 31 Dec 2025
ROIC
43.6%
computed by olivLawFY 2025 · balance sheet at 31 Dec 2025
ROCE
21.1%
computed by olivLawFY 2025 · balance sheet at 31 Dec 2025
Payout ratio (EPS)
unavailable
input data missing
Payout ratio (FCF)
unavailable
input data missing

Balance sheet

Net debt
-10.8 bn USD
computed by olivLawbalance sheet at 31 Dec 2025
Net debt / EBITDA
unavailable
input data missing
Debt / equity
0.0x
computed by olivLawbalance sheet at 31 Dec 2025
Interest coverage
unavailable
input data missing

Liquidity

Current ratio
1.1x
computed by olivLawbalance sheet at 31 Dec 2025
Quick ratio
0.9x
computed by olivLawbalance sheet at 31 Dec 2025
Cash ratio
0.4x
computed by olivLawbalance sheet at 31 Dec 2025

Cash

Operating cash flow
19.1 bn USD
computed by olivLawFY 2025
Capital expenditure
1.5 bn USD
computed by olivLawFY 2025
Free cash flow
17.6 bn USD
computed by olivLawFY 2025
FCF conversion
125.8%
computed by olivLawFY 2025
Cash conversion
unavailable
input data missing

Efficiency

Days sales outstanding
unavailable
input data missing
Days inventory outstanding
160 days
computed by olivLawFY 2025 · balance sheet at 31 Dec 2025
Days payables outstanding
unavailable
input data missing
Cash conversion cycle
unavailable
input data missing

Market and valuation

Market capitalisation
314.8 bn USD
computed by olivLawbalance sheet at 31 Dec 2025
Enterprise value
304.1 bn USD
computed by olivLawbalance sheet at 31 Dec 2025
Market cap / net income TTM
22.5x
computed by olivLawFY 2025
P/E (TTM)
23.1x
computed by olivLawFY 2025
Earnings yield
4.3%
computed by olivLawFY 2025
P/B
6.8x
computed by olivLawbalance sheet at 31 Dec 2025
P/S
unavailable
input data missing
EV/EBITDA
unavailable
input data missing
EV/EBIT
17.2x
computed by olivLawFY 2025 · balance sheet at 31 Dec 2025
EV/Sales
unavailable
input data missing
P/FCF
17.9x
computed by olivLawFY 2025 · balance sheet at 31 Dec 2025
FCF yield
5.6%
computed by olivLawFY 2025 · balance sheet at 31 Dec 2025
Dividend yield
unavailable
no dividend in the structured statements; a missing line is not a confirmed zero
Shareholder yield (distributions)
2.9%
computed by olivLawFY 2025 · balance sheet at 31 Dec 2025

1 indicators that do not apply to the sector.

Valuation

olivLaw classification

Insufficient data
What is missing
  • score weight coverage: 54.2% of at least 60%

A scoring methodology on indicators and valuation, not investment advice.

Closing price

164.98 USD

04 Nov 2026Source: olivLaw, closing series

Market cap: 314.8 bn USD

Key indicators

Market capitalisation
314.8 bn USD
computed by olivLawbalance sheet at 31 Dec 2025
P/E (TTM)
23.1x
computed by olivLawFY 2025
P/B
6.8x
computed by olivLawbalance sheet at 31 Dec 2025
EV/EBITDA
unavailable
input data missing
ROE
31.0%
computed by olivLawFY 2025 · balance sheet at 31 Dec 2025
Net margin
unavailable
input data missing
Revenue growth (YoY)
unavailable
input data missing
Dividend yield
unavailable
no dividend in the structured statements; a missing line is not a confirmed zero

Coverage and freshness

27/37 reporting lines present
Latest full fiscal year: 2025
Latest reported period: 31 Dec 2025
Latest balance sheet date: 31 Dec 2025
Share count (cover of the latest filing), as of: 31 Dec 2025
Source: SEC (XBRL)published 04 Feb 2026
verified 273

Score by group

54% · Insufficient data

Estimated value range

Low
106.87
USD per share
Mid
208.40
USD per share
High
312.02
USD per share
Price: 164.98 USD
The price is within the range
Potential to the central value: 26.3% (value / price − 1)
Margin of safety: 20.8% (1 − price / value)
Agreement between methods: single method · 1 methods used · 1 independent bases

The combined range = the median of the valid methods' low, central and high values; it is not a probability interval and does not cover every result. Envelope of all methods: 106.87 – 312.02 USD.

Valuation assumptions are editorial choices, not measured; beta is not measured.

Method ranges (USD per share)

— — Mid · ▏ Price

Valuation methods

  • DCF (discounted cash flow)unavailable · input data missing
  • Peers: EV/EBITDAunavailable · input data missing
  • Peers: P/E106.87 – 312.02 (Mid 208.40)
    14 companies used · median multiple 29.1x · quartiles 14.9x – 43.6x
    ABBV, ABT, ALNY, AUPH, BMY, JNJ, LLY, NATR, PFE, REGN, RPRX, UTHR, VRTX, ZTS
  • Dividend discount (DDM)unavailable · the company pays no dividend: a dividend model needs an explicit initiation assumption
Multiple comparisons use the SIC vertical: Pharmaceutical Preparations (SIC 2834)

Classification (SIC) comparables group by industry code, not by economic activity; the direct group is an editorial selection by activity. Members' multiples are on their own trailing twelve months, at their own latest close.

Assumptions (illustrative, editorial)

Risk-free rate
4.3%
Equity risk premium
5.0%
Beta (default)
1.00
Cost of equity
9.3%
Terminal growth
2.5%

Factor scorecard

Insufficient data

Minimum-evidence gate: score weight coverage: 54.2% of at least 60%

FactorValueScoreWeight used
ROIC · Quality43.6%89 (vs peers)19%
Net margin · Qualityunavailableunavailable—
FCF conversion · Quality125.8%100 (on a fixed band)12%
Revenue CAGR 3Y · Growthunavailableunavailable—
EPS CAGR 3Y · Growth31.1%100 (on a fixed band)15%
Net debt / EBITDA · Balance sheetunavailableunavailable—
Interest coverage · Balance sheetunavailableunavailable—
Current ratio · Balance sheet1.1x26 (on a fixed band)8%
P/E (TTM) · Valuation23.1x59 (vs peers)19%
EV/EBITDA · Valuationunavailableunavailable—
FCF yield · Valuation5.6%70 (on a fixed band)15%
Shareholder yield (distributions) · Returns2.9%42 (on a fixed band)12%
Payout ratio (FCF) · Returnsunavailableunavailable—

Factors without a value were dropped; the remaining weights were renormalised.

Score groups

  • Balance sheet· partial26/100 · 1/3 factors with a value
  • Growth· partial100/100 · 1/2 factors with a value
  • Quality93/100 · 2/3 factors with a value
  • Returns· partial42/100 · 1/2 factors with a value
  • Valuation64/100 · 2/3 factors with a value

A «partial» group is computed from under half of its weight or from one factor: it is not a full assessment of the group.

Memo

Novartis AG (NVS). Latest full fiscal year: 2025; data up to 2025-12-31.

Figures computed from the financial statements: ROE 31.0%.

The estimated value range is 106.87–312.02 USD per share (median of 1 methods, agreement: single method); assumptions are illustrative. Against the central value of 208.40 USD, the price of 164.98 USD leaves a potential of 26.3% (value / price − 1) and a margin of safety of 20.8% (1 − price / value). The range is the median of the methods' low, central and high values, not a probability interval.

Insufficient data for a verdict (score weight coverage: 54.2% of at least 60%).

Text generated deterministically from the figures shown; no language model. Not investment advice.

What supports the thesis

  • ROIC: 43.6%
  • FCF conversion: 125.8%
  • EPS CAGR 3Y: 31.1%

What contradicts it

  • Current ratio: 1.1x

Not assessed (insufficient data or a ratio without meaning): Net margin, Revenue CAGR 3Y, Net debt / EBITDA, Interest coverage, EV/EBITDA, Payout ratio (FCF).

Versus the vertical median

Pharmaceutical Preparations (SIC 2834) · same industry (4-digit SIC) · compared with 39 companies

Multiples and returns vs the median

P/E
23.1x
vertical median 41.9x
below median (−44.9%)
EV/EBITDA
—
vertical median 25.4x
P/S
—
vertical median 6.7x
P/B
6.8x
vertical median 4.1x
above median (+65.3%)
ROE
31.0%
vertical median -1.5%
above median
Net margin
—
vertical median 1.5%
EBIT margin
—
vertical median -12.1%
Revenue YoY
—
vertical median 6.0%
Net debt/EBITDA
—
vertical median -0.1x
Dividend yield
—
vertical median 2.2%

Price rebased to 100 (monthly, 5 years)

Companies in the vertical

Market capP/EROENet marginRevenue YoY1A / 3A
LLYEli Lilly And Company1,334.0 bn46.086.1%31.9%+44.7%+32% / +140%
JNJJohnson & Johnson665.2 bn41.920.0%16.2%+6.0%+34% / +79%
ONCBeone Medicines Ltd.558.4 bn869.914.7%10.7%+40.2%+11% / +102%
ABBVAbbVie Inc.521.1 bn50.7—15.7%+8.6%+29% / +107%
MRKMerck & Co., Inc.370.7 bn154.75.1%3.6%+1.3%+43% / +47%
NVSNovartis AG314.8 bn23.131.0%—unavailable+32% / +78%
ABTAbbott Laboratories200.1 bn43.09.2%9.7%+5.7%−10% / +11%
PFEPfizer Inc175.5 bn43.94.4%6.3%−1.6%+20% / +1%
VRTXVertex Pharmaceuticals Inc139.2 bn35.320.8%30.7%+8.9%+27% / +55%
BMYBristol-Myers Squibb Company131.2 bn14.244.1%18.5%−0.2%+30% / +30%
TEVATeva Pharmaceutical Industries Limited48.8 bn97.46.6%3.6%+4.3%+56% / +326%
ZTSZoetis Inc.36.9 bn14.764.4%27.5%+2.3%−30% / −50%
ROIVRoivant Sciences Ltd.27.6 bn—-6.2%-3,535.0%−71.6%+84% / +300%
RPRXRoyalty Pharma plc26.2 bn47.76.9%25.7%+5.1%+69% / +150%
UTHRUnited Therapeutics Corporation25.9 bn23.019.1%38.6%+10.6%+25% / +154%
INSMInsmed Inc24.1 bn—-72.5%-39.9%+66.7%−47% / +340%
VTRSViatris Inc.22.1 bn—-23.6%-23.9%−3.0%+80% / +109%
ALNYAlnylam Pharmaceuticals, Inc.21.6 bn8.1126.6%52.8%+65.2%−64% / −4%
ORKAOruka Therapeutics, Inc.6.7 bn—-18.2%—unavailable+237% / +364%
IONSIonis Pharmaceuticals, Inc.6.7 bn—-105.5%-64.7%+33.8%−51% / −19%
IDYAIDEAYA Biosciences, Inc.3.1 bn—-38.5%-1,149.6%+3,024.4%−9% / +3%
RADXRadiopharm Theranostics Limited3.1 bn—-109.2%-1,055.3%+1,114.3%−81% / unavailable
AUPHAurinia Pharmaceuticals Inc.2.3 bn7.561.4%97.7%+20.4%+6% / +98%
QUREuniQure N.V.1.6 bn—-89.0%-1,154.8%−40.6%−16% / +240%
URGNUroGen Pharma Ltd.1.4 bn——-26.3%+21.4%−0% / +118%

1- and 3-year price returns: for NVS from daily closes (the same as the performance table), for the other companies from month-end closes.

olivLaw engine forecast

The world engine ran after the company's latest material disclosure. Probabilities are of TOUCHING a level within the horizon (not closing there) and sit next to the random walk (p_rw), the no-information benchmark.

The engine has no published run for this company yet.

Valuation scenarios (editable assumptions)

Illustrative scenarios

Scenarios are not available. input data missing

AI analysis

AI-generatedAI-generated analysis (Claude) from cited public sources; it may contain errors. Not investment advice. As of 27 Oct 2026 · Model: claude-haiku-5-5.

Possibly outdated: the newest document it read is from 04 Feb 2026; since then the company filed 6-K (27 Oct 2026), 6-K (08 Sept 2026), 6-K (04 Sept 2026), 6-K (01 Sept 2026), 6-K (21 Jul 2026), 6-K (11 Jun 2026).

In brief

Novartis is an innovative pharmaceutical company focused on cardiovascular, renal and metabolic, immunology, neuroscience and oncology. In 2025 net sales from continuing operations grew 8%, driven by newer medicines such as Kisqali and Kesimpta, amid pricing pressure and trade tensions. The US is a major share of revenue, with sales of USD 23.3 billion, against total net sales of USD 54.5 billion.

SWOT

Strengths

  • A diversified portfolio of innovative medicines, with fast-growing products such as Kisqali, Kesimpta and Pluvicto 1.
  • High operating margin and solid operating cash flow that support research investment 1.
  • Global presence in about 120 countries and a research platform with advanced technologies 1.

Weaknesses

  • Reliance on a few large products, such as Cosentyx and Entresto, makes revenue sensitive to generic competition and patent expiry 1.
  • High research spending and launch investments weigh on margins in the short term 1.
  • Sales of established mature products continue to decline, adding pressure to overall revenue 1.

Opportunities

  • Rising demand for oncology and cardiovascular treatments could open new markets and partnerships 1.
  • Progress in AI and gene therapy could reduce development costs 1.
  • Growth in China and other emerging markets could support long-term sales 1.

Threats

  • Price controls and new rules in the US and EU could reduce revenue from successful medicines 1.
  • Geopolitical tensions and trade tariffs could disrupt supply chains 1.
  • Generic competition and patent expiry can quickly reduce sales of mature products 1.

Risks

  • Regulatory pricing pressurehigh

    Regulatory changes and price control measures could reduce margins and revenue from certain medicines 1.

  • Generic competitionhigh

    Generic entry has already reduced sales of important products and may continue to affect them 1.

  • Geopolitical and trade tensionsmedium

    Sanctions, tariffs and protectionism could disrupt supply chains and operating costs 1.

  • Dependence on key productsmedium

    A small number of products generate a large share of revenue, making the company sensitive to their performance 1.

  • Access to healthcarelow

    Cuts to international aid budgets and cost constraints may limit patient access to medicines 1.

Investment thesis

What would need to be true (bull case)

  • Fast growth in newer products and a high operating margin could support revenue growth over the long term 1.
  • Solid cash flow and research investment could produce new launches in areas with strong demand 1.
  • A presence in priority markets such as China and the US could support long-term expansion 1.

What would break the thesis

  • Pricing pressure and generic competition could reduce revenue from important products 1.
  • Dependence on a few large medicines could make results vulnerable if they lose market share 1.
  • Trade tensions and high research costs could shrink margins if revenue growth falls short 1.

What to watch

  • Sales trajectory of Kisqali, Kesimpta and Pluvicto2026
  • Impact of generic competition on Entresto and Promacta2026
  • Effects of US and EU drug pricing rules2026
  • Trend in operating margin and research investmentnext 10-K

Products, market & competition

AI-generatedAI-generated analysis (Claude) from cited public sources; it may contain errors. Not investment advice. As of 27 Oct 2026 · Model: claude-haiku-5-5.

Possibly outdated: the newest document it read is from 04 Feb 2026; since then the company filed 6-K (27 Oct 2026), 6-K (08 Sept 2026), 6-K (04 Sept 2026), 6-K (01 Sept 2026), 6-K (21 Jul 2026), 6-K (11 Jun 2026).

The business

Novartis AG, a Swiss stock corporation headquartered in Basel, researches, develops, manufactures and sells medicines in about 120 countries, with 75 267 full-time equivalent employees at December 31, 2025 1. The company aims to reimagine medicine and focuses on four core therapeutic areas with strong growth potential and high unmet patient needs 1. Its operations are organized into Biomedical Research, Development, Operations and two commercial units, US and International 1.

In 2025 the company reported net income from continuing operations of USD 14.0 billion and net cash flows from operating activities of USD 19.1 billion, with an operating income margin of 32.4% 1. Results are reported in US dollars, and the company also presents non-IFRS core results to show underlying performance 1.

Following the 2023 Sandoz spin-off, continuing operations comprise the innovative medicines business and corporate activities, so the 2025 and 2024 results include no discontinued operations 1.

Segments

Oncology

Oncology was the largest therapeutic area, with net sales of USD 16.8 billion in 2025, up 18% 1. Kisqali, at USD 4.8 billion and up 58%, and Pluvicto, at USD 2.0 billion, contributed to this development 1.

Immunology

Immunology generated sales of USD 10.3 billion in 2025, up 11%, with Cosentyx as the main product at USD 6.7 billion 1.

Neuroscience

Neuroscience grew 26% in 2025 to USD 6.0 billion, driven mainly by Kesimpta at USD 4.4 billion 1.

Market context

The company names the US, China, Germany and Japan as its four priority markets, which together account for most of the expected growth in global healthcare spending through 2030 1. Sales in China were USD 4.2 billion in 2025 1. Overall, US sales rose 10% and rest-of-world sales rose 7% 1.

The company notes that pricing pressure is rising from regulatory changes, government funding constraints and trade tariffs, while generic competition reduced sales of some mature products 1.

Trends

  • Rising demand for quality treatmenttailwind

    Demand for high quality healthcare is rising, particularly in oncology, cardiovascular and immunology, and the US, EU and China markets are expanding 1. This could support growth in sales of innovative medicines.

  • Scientific and digital progresstailwind

    Advances in medical science and digital technologies, including AI, open opportunities for new treatments and faster development 1. Investment in radioligand therapy, xRNA and cell and gene therapy remains central 1.

  • Pricing pressureheadwind

    US legislation, including the Inflation Reduction Act, introduced price controls for some Medicare drugs, and the EU is revising rules on access and affordability 1. These changes could reduce revenue from certain products.

  • Geopolitics and supply chainsmixed

    Geopolitical tensions, trade protectionism and sanctions may disrupt complex pharmaceutical supply chains 1. The effect depends on how trade measures evolve.

Competitive position

Competition includes innovative pharmaceutical companies developing treatments in the same areas, such as cardiovascular, oncology and immunology, as well as generic manufacturers whose entry has reduced sales of some mature Novartis products 1. For Entresto, Promacta and Tasigna, generic competition has already affected revenue 1.

  • Generic manufacturers

    Generic competition reduced sales of Entresto, Promacta, Tasigna and Lucentis, according to the company's report 1.

  • Innovative oncology companies

    The oncology market includes several drug developers competing in the same indications, such as melanoma and breast cancer 1.

  • Immunology biologics companies

    Treatments for psoriasis and arthritis compete with other biologic and innovative therapies in the same area 1.

  • Gene and radioligand therapy developers

    In gene therapy and radioligand therapy, several players develop similar technologies, making competition relevant over the long term 1.

News & filings

In the press

Sources

  1. [1] Form 20-F, fiscal year ended 2025-12-31 · SEC / Novartis AG · 04 Feb 2026

Figures computed by olivLaw from SEC filings and closing prices; the qualitative analysis is AI-generated from cited sources. Not investment advice.